The Respiratory System in Spinal Cord Injury

Bach, 1991, Alternative methods of ventilatory support for the patient with ventilatory failure due to spinal cord injury, J Am Paraplegia Soc, 14, 158, 10.1080/01952307.1991.11735849 Banniza von Bazan, 1977, Scoliotic growth in children with acquired paraplegia, Paraplegia, 15, 65 Berger, 1977, Regulation of respiration, 297, 92 Bergofsky, 1964, Mechanism for respiratory insufficiency after cervical cord injury, Ann Intern Med, 61, 435, 10.7326/0003-4819-61-3-435 Bonekat, 1990, Obstructive disordered breathing during sleep with patients with spinal cord injury, Paraplegia, 28, 392 Braun, 1982, Oxygen saturation during sleep in patients with spinal cord injury, Am J Phys Med, 61, 302, 10.1097/00002060-198212000-00003 Caird, 1972, Chronic respiratory disease in the elderly, Thorax, 27, 764, 10.1136/thx.27.6.764 Cameron, 1955, Diaphragmatic respiration in a quadriplegic and effect of position on his vital capacity, Ann Surg, 141, 451, 10.1097/00000658-195504000-00004 Caplan, 1987, Ethical and policy issues in rehabilitation medicine, Hastings Cent Rep, 17, 1, 10.2307/3563190 Carter, 1979, Medical management of pulmonary complications of spinal cord injury, Adv Neurol, 22, 261 Carter, 1987, Respiratory aspects of spinal cord injury management, Paraplegia, 25, 262 Carter, 1989, Available respiratory options, 149 Carter, 1987, Comparative study of electrophrenic nerve stimulation and mechanical ventilatory support in traumatic spinal cord injury, Paraplegia, 25, 86 Cheshire, 1979, The use of operant conditioning techniques in the respiratory rehabilitation of the tetraplegic, Paraplegia, 16, 162 Danon, 1979, The function of the isolated paced diaphragm and the cervical accessory muscles in C-l quadriplegics, Am Rev Respir Dis, 119, 909 Derenne, 1978, The respiratory muscles: mechanics, control and pathophysiology, Am Rev Respir Dis, 118, 119 DeTroyer, 1980, Respiratory mechanics in quadriplegia. The respiratory function of the intercostal muscles, Am Rev Respir Dis, 121, 591 DeTroyer, 1983, Mechanical action of the intercostal muscles on the ribs, Science, 220, 87, 10.1126/science.6828883 DeVivo, 1989, Cause of death for patients with spinal cord injuries, Arch Intern Med, 149, 1761, 10.1001/archinte.1989.00390080043011 Estenne, 1983, Chest wall stiffness in patients with chronic respiratory muscle weakness, Am Rev Respir Dis, 128, 1002 Fishburn, 1990, Atelectasis and pneumonia in acute spinal cord injury, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 71, 197 Frankel, 1971, Respiration sensation in patients with cervical cord transection, Paraplegia, 9, 132 Freedman, 1982, Suctioning the left bronchial tree in the intubated adult, Crit Care Med, 10, 43, 10.1097/00003246-198201000-00012 Fugl-Meyer, 1971, Effects of respiratory muscle paralysis in tetraplegic and paraplegic patients, Scand J Rehabil Med, 3, 141 Glenn, 1980, Ventilatory support of the quadriplegic patient with respiratory paralysis by diaphragm pacing, Surg Clin North Am, 60, 1055, 10.1016/S0039-6109(16)42233-4 Glenn, 1984, Ventilatory support by pacing of the conditioned diaphragm in quadriplegia, N Engl J Med, 310, 1150, 10.1056/NEJM198405033101804 Gross, 1980, The effect of training on strength and endurance of the diaphragm in quadriplegia, Am J Med, 68, 27, 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90157-6 Guttmann, 1965, Electromyographic studies on reflex activity of the intercostal and abdominal muscles in cervical cord lesions, Paraplegia, 3, 1 Hachen, 1977, Idealized care of the acutely injured spinal cord in Switzerland, J Trauma, 17, 931, 10.1097/00005373-197712000-00006 Hemingway, 1958, An investigation of the pulmonary function of paraplegics, J Clin Invest, 37, 773, 10.1172/JCI103663 Hildebran, 1981, Surfactant release in excised rat lung as stimulated by air inflation, J Appl Physiol, 51, 905, 10.1152/jappl.1981.51.4.905 Hsu SF, Dreisbach JN, Charlifue SW, et al: Treatment of atelectasis in tetraplegic patients. In Abstract Digest, 10th Annual American Spinal Injury Association Meeting,Houston, 1984, p 21 Hsu, 1987, Glottic and tracheal stenosis in spinal cord injured patients, Paraplegia, 25, 136 Jackson, 1991, Incidence of respiratory complications following spinal cord injury [abstract], J Am Paraplegia Soc, 14, 87 Kafer, 1974, Respiratory function in paralytic scoliosis, Am Rev Respir Dis, 110, 450 Kirby, 1966, An evaluation of assisted cough in quadriplegic patients, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 47, 705 Knill, 1976, Respiratory load compensation in infants, J Appl Physiol, 40, 357, 10.1152/jappl.1976.40.3.357 Kokkola, 1975, Pulmonary function in tetraplegic and paraplegic patients, Ann Clin Res, 7, 76 Kubota, 1982, Selective bronchial suctioning in the adult using a curve-tipped catheter with a guide mark, Crit Care Med, 10, 767, 10.1097/00003246-198211000-00015 Ledsome, 1981, Pulmonary function in acute cervical cord injury, Am Rev Respir Dis, 124, 41 Maloney, 1979, Pulmonary function in quadriplegia; effects of a corset, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 60, 261 McKinley, 1969, Pulmonary function, ventilatory control and respiratory complications in quadriplegic subjects, Am Rev Respir Dis, 100, 526 McMichan, 1980, Pulmonary function following traumatic quadriplegia, JAMA, 243, 528, 10.1001/jama.1980.03300320020014 Fugl-Meyer, 1971, Effects of respiratory muscle paralysis in tetraplegic and paraplegic patients, Scand J Respir Dis, 3, 141 Miller, 1988, Pneumobelt use among the high quadriplegic population, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 69, 369 Montero, 1967, Effects of glossopharyngeal breathing on respiratory function after cervical cord transection, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 48, 650 Morgan, 1986, The respiratory system of the spinal cord patient, 78 Morgan, 1985, The contribution of the rib cage to breathing in tetraplegia, Thorax, 40, 613, 10.1136/thx.40.8.613 Mortola, 1978, Motion of the rib cage and the abdomen in tetraplegic subjects, Clin Sci Mol Med, 54, 25 Naimark, 1960, Compliance of the respiratory system and its components in health and obsesity, J Appl Physiol, 15, 377, 10.1152/jappl.1960.15.3.377 Peterson, 1989, Pulmonary physiology and medical management, 35 Peterson, 1992, The relative effectiveness of two methods of weaning persons with high quadriplegia from ventilators [abstract], J Am Paraplegia Soc, 15, 123 Poe, 1978, Pulmonary edema in cervical cord injury, J Trauma, 18, 71, 10.1097/00005373-197801000-00016 Polatty, 1987, Pulmonary complications in the spinal cord injury patient. Medical Complications of Spinal Cord Injury, 1, 353 Rossier, 1985, Posttraumatic cervical syringomyelia: Incidence, clinical presentation, electrophysiological studies, syrinx protein and results of conservative and operative treatment, Brain, 108, 439, 10.1093/brain/108.2.439 Schimmel, 1977, A new mechanical method to influence pulmonary perfusion in critically ill patients, Crit Care Med, 5, 277, 10.1097/00003246-197711000-00006 Schneiderman, 1988, Ethical decisions in discontinuing mechanical ventilation, N Engl J Med, 318, 984, 10.1056/NEJM198804143181509 Silver, 1968, Chest injuries and complications in the early stages of spinal cord injury, Paraplegia, 5, 226 Skatrud, 1980, Determinants of hypoventilation during wakefulness and sleep in diaphragmatic paralysis, Am Rev Respir Dis, 121, 587, 10.1164/arrd.1980.121.3.587 Thurlbeck, 1988, Growth, aging and adaptation Tusiewicz, 1977, Contributions of changing rib cage diaphragm interactions to the ventilatory depression of halothane anaesthesia, Anesthesiology, 47, 327, 10.1097/00000542-197710000-00002 einberger, 1980, Pregnancy and the lung, Rev Respir Dis, 121, 559, 10.1164/arrd.1980.121.3.559 Wicks, 1986, Long term outlook in quadriplegic patients with initial ventilator dependency, Chest, 90, 406, 10.1378/chest.90.3.406 Wicks, 1989, Ventilator weaning, 141 Wise, 1987, Incidence of swallowing problems in quadriplegics, In Abstracts Digest, American Spinal Injury Association, 13th Annual Scientific Meeting, 30 Whitelaw, 1982, Disorders of the respiratory pump Wood, 1989, Respiratory therapy, 51 Yang, 1989, Pneumobelt for sleep in the ventilator user: Clinical experience, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 70, 707 Yang, 1991, A prospective study of indexes predicting the outcome of trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation, N Engl J Med, 324, 1445, 10.1056/NEJM199105233242101