The Relation of Clade-Specific Biophilia to the Construct of Animality
Tóm tắt
The main purpose of this study was to examine whether the nonhuman animal affinities described by the proposed psychometric construct of Animality might be distributed unequally across different kinds of animals. Thus, we explored how respondent Animality scores correlated with clade-specific self-reports of cognitive and emotional empathy toward specific animal categories. To do so, we applied the Concentric Circles Model, three concentric circles of nonhuman animal clades based on their figurative outwards distance from humanity: Kith and Kin Animals, including kith clades such as dogs and cats as well as kin clades such as primates; Domestic Animals, including cows, pigs, sheep, and goats; and Wild Animals, including catfish, carp, snakes, and spiders. Undergraduate participants from a Southwestern university completed a survey assessing their levels of Animality as well as their attitudes toward nonhuman animals from all three concentric circles. These data replicated the previously published hierarchical latent structure of Animality. The higher-order General Factor of Animality (GFA) loaded positively onto two lower-order factors: Attraction to Animals and Emotional Regard for Animals. The GFA was most highly positively correlated with Kith and Kin Animal Cognitive-Emotional Empathy, less highly correlated with Domestic Cognitive-Emotional Empathy, and least highly correlated with Wild Cognitive-Emotional Empathy; the GFA was also positively correlated with General Animal Harm Avoidance. In this sense, Animality seems to capture significant aspects of Clade-Specific Biophila in a manner consistent with the Concentric Circles Model.
Tài liệu tham khảo
American Psychological Association. (2008, June). Personality. https://www.apa.org/topics/personality. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from https://dictionary.apa.org/personality?_ga=2.107085058.1653860250.1675982161-671659423.1675982158
Barbiero, G., & Berto, R. (2021). Biophilia as evolutionary adaptation: An onto- and phylogenetic framework for biophilic design. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.
Figueredo, A. J., Gladden, P. R., Sisco, M. M., Patch, E. A., & Jones, D. N. (2015a). The unholy trinity: The dark triad, coercion, and brunswik-symmetry. Evolutionary Psychology : An International Journal of Evolutionary Approaches to Psychology and Behavior, 13(2), 435–454.
Figueredo A. J., & Gorsuch R. (2007). Assortative mating in the Jewel wasp: 2. Sequential canonical analysis as an exploratory form of path analysis. Journal of the Arizona Nevada Academy Science, 39(2), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.2181/036.039.0204
Figueredo, A. J., Sefcek, J. A., Vasquez, G., Brumbach, B. H., King, J. E., & Jacobs, W. J. (2015b). Evolutionary personality psychology. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 851–877). John Wiley & Sons.
Figueredo, A. J., Steklis, N. G., Peñaherrera-Aguirre, M., Fernandes, H. B. F., Cabeza de Baca, T., Salmon, C., & Sevillano, V. (2022a). The Adapa tablets and the Tuxtla glyphs: Coevolution between human and nonhuman animals. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 8, 316–332.
Figueredo, A. J., et al. (2022b) ‘The influence of individual differences and local ecological conditions on emotional empathy, cognitive empathy, and harm avoidance towards nonhuman animals’, Human-Animal Interactions. CABI International. https://doi.org/10.1079/hai.2022.0021
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
Johnson, T. P., Garrity, T. F., & Stallones, L. (1992). Psychometric evaluation of the Lexington attachment to pets scale (Laps). Anthrozoös, 5(3), 160–175.
Kellert, S., & Wilson, E. O. (Eds.). (1993). The biophilia hypothesis. Island Press.
Orwell, G. (1945). Animal farm: A fairy story. Secker & Warburg.
Peñaherrera-Aguirre, M., Figueredo, A. J., Steklis, N. G., & Salmon, C. A. (2022). The role of cross-species relative brain size variation and time since domestication in explaining human empathy towards domesticated mammals. Personality and Individual Differences, 200, 111914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111914
Purcell, A. T. (1986). Environmental perception and affect: A schema discrepancy model. Environment and Behavior, 18, 3–30.
Steklis, N. G. (2018). Capturing animality: An evolutionary approach to animal attitudes. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
Steklis, N. G., Steklis, H. D., King, J., & Figueredo, A. J. (2023). Capturing animality: A new evolutionary psychology construct of animal attitudes. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Harvard University Press.
Wilson, E. O. (2002). The future of life. Alfred A. Knopf : Distributed by Random House.
Wittmann, W. W., & Süß, H. M. (1999). Investigating the paths between working memory, intelligence, knowledge, and complex problem-solving performances via Brunswik Symmetry. In P. L. Ackerman, P. C. Kyllonen, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), Learning and individual differences: Process, trait, and content determinants (pp. 77–108). American Psychological Association.