The Postural Tachycardia Syndrome

Cardiology in Review - Tập 15 Số 2 - Trang 67-75 - 2007
Marvin S. Medow1,2, Julian M. Stewart2
1Marvin S. Medow, PhD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology, Associate Director, Division of Research, The Center for Hypotension, Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10598. E-mail: [email protected].
2the Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Stewart, 2004, Chronic orthostatic intolerance and the postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)., J Pediatr, 145, 725, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.06.084

Low, 1997, Clinical Autonomic Disorders., 681

DaCosta, 1871, On irritable heart: a clinical study of a form of functional cardiac disorder and its consequences., AM J Med Sci, 61, 17

Holmgen, 1957, Low physical work capacity in suspected heart cases due to inadequate adjustment of peripheral blood flow (vasoregulatory asthenia)., Acta Med Scand, 158, 413, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1957.tb15509.x

MacLean, 1944, Orthostatic tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension: defects in the return of venous blood to the heart., Am Heart J, 27, 145, 10.1016/S0002-8703(44)90720-9

Foud, 1986, Idiopathic hypovolemia., Ann Intern Med, 104, 298, 10.7326/0003-4819-104-3-298

Streeten, 1988, Abnormal orthostatic changes in blood pressure and heart rate in subjects with intact sympathetic nervous function: evidence for excessive venous pooling., J Lab Clin Med, 111, 326

Streeten, 1990, Pathogenesis of hyperadrenergic orthostatic hypotension. Evidence of disordered venous innervation exclusively in the lower limbs., J Clin Invest, 86, 1582, 10.1172/JCI114878

Hoeldtke, 1989, Sympathotonic orthostatic hypotension: a report of four cases., Neurology, 39, 34, 10.1212/WNL.39.1.34

Hoeldtke, 1991, The orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: evaluation of autonomic function and treatment with octreotide and ergot alkaloids., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 73, 132, 10.1210/jcem-73-1-132

Schondorf, 1993, Idiopathic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: an attenuated form of acute pandysautonomia?, Neurology, 43, 132, 10.1212/WNL.43.1_Part_1.132

Grubb, 1997, The postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a neurocardiogenic variant identified during head-up tilt table testing., Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 20, 2205, 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb04238.x

Stewart, 1999, Patterns of orthostatic intolerance: the orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and adolescent chronic fatigue., J Pediatr, 135, 218, 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70025-9

Tanaka, 1999, Instantaneous orthostatic hypotension in children and adolescents: a new entity of orthostatic intolerance., Pediatr Res, 46, 691, 10.1203/00006450-199912000-00022

Gazit, 2003, Dysautonomia in the joint hypermobility syndrome., Am J Med, 115, 33, 10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00235-3

Jacob, 2000, The neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome., N Engl J Med, 343, 1008, 10.1056/NEJM200010053431404

Rowe, 1999, Orthostatic intolerance and chronic fatigue syndrome associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome., J Pediatr, 135, 494, 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70173-3

Goldstein, 2002, Cardiac sympathetic dysautonomia in chronic orthostatic intolerance syndromes., Circulation, 106, 2358, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000036015.54619.B6

Fu, 2004, Hemodynamics of orthostatic intolerance: implications for gender differences., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 286, H449, 10.1152/ajpheart.00735.2002

Hirshoren, 2002, Menstrual cycle effects on the neurohumoral and autonomic nervous systems regulating the cardiovascular system., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 87, 1569, 10.1210/jcem.87.4.8406

Furlan, 1998, Chronic orthostatic intolerance: a disorder with discordant cardiac and vascular sympathetic control., Circulation, 98, 2154, 10.1161/01.CIR.98.20.2154

Jacob, 1999, Idiopathic orthostatic intolerance and postural tachycardia syndromes., Am J Med Sci, 317, 88, 10.1016/S0002-9629(15)40482-3

Robertson, 1999, The epidemic of orthostatic tachycardia and orthostatic intolerance., Am J Med Sci, 317, 75, 10.1016/S0002-9629(15)40480-X

Stewart, 1999, Orthostatic intolerance in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome., Pediatrics, 103, 116, 10.1542/peds.103.1.116

Freeman, 1997, Does the chronic fatigue syndrome involve the autonomic nervous system?, Am J Med, 102, 357, 10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00087-9

Fu, 2005, Effects of gender and hypovolemia on sympathetic neural responses to orthostatic stress., Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 289, R109, 10.1152/ajpregu.00013.2005

Stewart, 2002, Orthostatic hypotension in pediatrics., Heart Dis, 4, 33, 10.1097/00132580-200201000-00006

Freeman, 2002, Limb venous compliance in patients with idiopathic orthostatic intolerance and postural tachycardia., J Appl Physiol, 93, 636, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00817.2001

Stewart, 2000, Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in adolescents with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by attenuated vagal baroreflex and potentiated sympathetic vasomotion., Pediatr Res, 48, 218, 10.1203/00006450-200008000-00016

Stewart, 2002, Pooling in chronic orthostatic intolerance: arterial vasoconstrictive but not venous compliance defects., Circulation, 105, 2274, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000016348.55378.C4

Medow, 2005, Decreased microvascular nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in postural tachycardia syndrome., Circulation, 112, 2611, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.526764

Stewart, 2000, Vascular perturbations in the chronic orthostatic intolerance of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome., J Appl Physiol, 89, 1505, 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.4.1505

Farquhar, 2000, Abnormal baroreflex responses in patients with idiopathic orthostatic intolerance., Circulation, 102, 3086, 10.1161/01.CIR.102.25.3086

Iwasaki, 2000, Effect of head-down-tilt bed rest and hypovolemia on dynamic regulation of heart rate and blood pressure., Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 279, R2189, 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.6.R2189

Singer, 2003, Heart rate-dependent electrocardiogram abnormalities in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome., Auton Neurosci, 103, 106, 10.1016/S1566-0702(02)00213-8

Kanjwal, 2003, The postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: definitions, diagnosis, and management., Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 26, 1747, 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.t01-1-00262.x

Wieling, 1993, Clinical Autonomic Disorders., 69

Donegan, 1921, The physiology of veins., J Physiol, 55, 226, 10.1113/jphysiol.1921.sp001964

Hill, 1951, The influences of the force of gravity on the circulation of the blood., J Physiol, 18, 15, 10.1113/jphysiol.1895.sp000556

Rothe, 1983, The Handbook of Physiology., 397

Rowell, 1984, Reflex control of regional circulations in humans., J Auton Nerv Syst, 11, 101, 10.1016/0165-1838(84)90069-9

Rowell, 1987, Human cardiovascular adjustments to acute hypoxaemia., Clin Physiol, 7, 349, 10.1111/j.1475-097X.1987.tb00179.x

Stewart, 2004, Decreased skeletal muscle pump activity in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and low peripheral blood flow., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 286, H1216, 10.1152/ajpheart.00738.2003

Wang, 1960, The effect of changes in posture and of graded exercise on stroke volume in man., J Clin Invest, 39, 1051, 10.1172/JCI104120

Jacob, 1997, Effects of volume loading and pressor agents in idiopathic orthostatic tachycardia., Circulation, 96, 575, 10.1161/01.CIR.96.2.575

Jacob, 1998, Relation of blood volume and blood pressure in orthostatic intolerance., Am J Med Sci, 315, 95

Brown, 1999, Assessment of capillary fluid shifts during orthostatic stress in normal subjects and subjects with orthostatic intolerance., Clin Auton Res, 9, 69, 10.1007/BF02311762

Farquhar, 2002, Blood volume and its relation to peak O(2) consumption and physical activity in patients with chronic fatigue., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 282, H66, 10.1152/ajpheart.2002.282.1.H66

Stewart, 2004, Regional blood volume and peripheral blood flow in postural tachycardia syndrome., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 287, H1319, 10.1152/ajpheart.00086.2004

Stewart, 2006, Increased plasma angiotensin II in postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is related to reduced blood flow and blood volume., Clin Sci (Lond), 110, 255, 10.1042/CS20050254

Stewart, 2006, Persistent splanchnic hyperemia during upright tilt in postural tachycardia syndrome., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 290, H665, 10.1152/ajpheart.00784.2005

Blomqvist, 1983, Handbook of Physiology., 271

Henriksen, 1983, Contribution of local blood flow regulation mechanisms to the maintenance of arterial pressure in upright position during epidural blockade., Acta Physiol Scand, 118, 271, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1983.tb07271.x

Vissing, 1997, Mechanisms of cutaneous vasoconstriction during upright posture., Acta Physiol Scand, 159, 131, 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.573344000.x

Engelke, 1996, Contribution of nitric oxide and prostaglandins to reactive hyperemia in human forearm., J Appl Physiol, 81, 1807, 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1807

Kellogg, 2001, Selected contribution: gender differences in the endothelin-B receptor contribution to basal cutaneous vascular tone in humans., J Appl Physiol, 91, 2407, 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2407

Biaggioni, 1987, Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of adenosine in conscious man. Evidence for chemoreceptor activation., Circ Res, 61, 779, 10.1161/01.RES.61.6.779

Granger, 1995, Physiologic mechanisms of postischemic tissue injury., Annu Rev Physiol, 57, 311, 10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.001523

Meininger, 1992, Cellular mechanisms involved in the vascular myogenic response., Am J Physiol, 263, H647

Wardell, 1993, The cutaneous vascular axon reflex in humans characterized by laser Doppler perfusion imaging., J Physiol, 460, 185, 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019466

Holzer, 1998, Neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma leakage in the skin., Gen Pharmacol, 30, 5, 10.1016/S0306-3623(97)00078-5

Richardson, 2002, Cellular mechanisms of neurogenic inflammation., J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 302, 839, 10.1124/jpet.102.032797

Stewart, 2003, Local vascular responses affecting blood flow in postural tachycardia syndrome., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 285, H2749, 10.1152/ajpheart.00429.2003

Garland, 2005, Endothelial NO synthase polymorphisms and postural tachycardia syndrome., Hypertension, 46, 1103, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000185462.08685.da

Stewart, 2002, Clinical and physiological effects of an acute alpha-1 adrenergic agonist and a beta-1 adrenergic antagonist in chronic orthostatic intolerance., Circulation, 106, 2946, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000040999.00692.F3

Bevegard, 1962, Postural circulatory changes at rest and during exercise in five patients with congenital absence of valves in the deep veins of the legs., Acta Med Scand, 172, 21, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1962.tb07124.x

Vernino, 2000, Autoantibodies to ganglionic acetylcholine receptors in autoimmune autonomic neuropathies., N Engl J Med, 343, 847, 10.1056/NEJM200009213431204

Shibao, 2005, Hyperadrenergic postural tachycardia syndrome in mast cell activation disorders., Hypertension, 45, 385, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000158259.68614.40

Arzubiaga, 1991, Neuropeptide Y, a putative cotransmitter in noradrenergic neurons, induces mast cell degranulation but not prostaglandin D2 release., J Allergy Clin Immunol, 87, 88, 10.1016/0091-6749(91)90216-B

Polinsky, 1981, Pharmacologic distinction of different orthostatic hypotension syndromes., Neurology, 31, 1, 10.1212/WNL.31.1.1

Shannon, 2000, Orthostatic intolerance and tachycardia associated with norepinephrine-transporter deficiency., N Engl J Med, 342, 541, 10.1056/NEJM200002243420803

Robertson, 2001, Familial orthostatic tachycardia due to norepinephrine transporter deficiency., Ann N Y Acad Sci, 940, 527, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03703.x

Carson, 2002, Autonomic control after blockade of the norepinephrine transporter: a model of orthostatic intolerance., J Appl Physiol, 93, 2192, 10.1152/japplphysiol.00033.2002

Keller, 2004, Norepinephrine transporter-deficient mice exhibit excessive tachycardia and elevated blood pressure with wakefulness and activity., Circulation, 110, 1191, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000141804.90845.E6

Winker, 2005, Endurance exercise training in orthostatic intolerance: a randomized, controlled trial., Hypertension, 45, 391, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000156540.25707.af

Grubb, 1999, Preliminary observations on the use of midodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of refractory neurocardiogenic syncope., J Interv Card Electrophysiol, 3, 139, 10.1023/A:1009813312936

Hoeldtke, 1986, Treatment of autonomic neuropathy with a somatostatin analogue SMS-201-995., Lancet, 2, 602, 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)92428-1

Hoeldtke, 1991, Hemodynamic effects of octreotide in patients with autonomic neuropathy., Circulation, 84, 168, 10.1161/01.CIR.84.1.168

Biaggioni, 1994, The anemia of primary autonomic failure and its reversal with recombinant erythropoietin., Ann Intern Med, 121, 181, 10.7326/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00004

Hoeldtke, 1995, Treatment of orthostatic tachycardia with erythropoietin., Am J Med, 99, 525, 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)80230-7

Vaziri, 2001, Cardiovascular effects of erythropoietin and anemia correction., Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens, 10, 633, 10.1097/00041552-200109000-00013

Raj, 2005, Acetylcholinesterase inhibition improves tachycardia in postural tachycardia syndrome., Circulation, 111, 2734, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.497594

Singer, 2003, Acetylcholinesterase inhibition: a novel approach in the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension., J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 74, 1294, 10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1294