The Orbitrap: a new mass spectrometer

Journal of Mass Spectrometry - Tập 40 Số 4 - Trang 430-443 - 2005
Qizhi Hu1, Robert J. Noll1, Hongyan Li1, Alexander Makarov2, Mark Hardman3, R. Graham Cooks1
1Purdue University, Chemistry Department, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
2Thermo Electron (Bremen), Hanna‐Kunath‐Str. 11, Bremen 28199, Germany
3Thermo Electron (San Jose) 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134 USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractResearch areas such as proteomics and metabolomics are driving the demand for mass spectrometers that have high performance but modest power requirements, size, and cost. This paper describes such an instrument, the Orbitrap, based on a new type of mass analyzer invented by Makarov. The Orbitrap operates by radially trapping ions about a central spindle electrode. An outer barrel‐like electrode is coaxial with the inner spindlelike electrode and mass/charge values are measured from the frequency of harmonic ion oscillations, along the axis of the electric field, undergone by the orbitally trapped ions. This axial frequency is independent of the energy and spatial spread of the ions. Ion frequencies are measured non‐destructively by acquisition of time‐domain image current transients, with subsequent fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) being used to obtain the mass spectra.In addition to describing the Orbitrap mass analyzer, this paper also describes a complete Orbitrap‐based mass spectrometer, equipped with an electrospray ionization source (ESI). Ions are transferred from the ESI source through three stages of differential pumping using RF guide quadrupoles. The third quadrupole, pressurized to less than 10−3 Torr with collision gas, acts as an ion accumulator; ion/neutral collisions slow the ions and cause them to pool in an axial potential well at the end of the quadrupole. Ion bunches are injected from this pool into the Orbitrap analyzer for mass analysis. The ion injection process is described in a simplified way, including a description of electrodynamic squeezing, field compensation for the effects of the ion injection slit, and criteria for orbital stability. Features of the Orbitrap at its present stage of development include high mass resolution (up to 150 000), large space charge capacity, high mass accuracy (2–5 ppm), a mass/charge range of at least 6000, and dynamic range greater than 10.3Applications based on electrospray ionization are described, including characterization of transition‐metal complexes, oligosaccharides, peptides, and proteins. Use is also made of the high‐resolution capabilities of the Orbitrap to confirm the presence of metaclusters of serine octamers in ESI mass spectra and to perform H/D exchange experiments on these ions in the storage quadrupole. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Journal of Mass Spectrometry

Tập 40 Số 4

430-443

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