The Nottingham prognostic index in primary breast cancer

Handley WS: Cancer of the Breast and its Treatment (2nd Edition). John Murray, London, 1922

Berstock DA, Houghton J, Haybittle J, Baum M: The role of radiotherapy following total mastectomy for patients with early breast cancer. World J Surg 9:667–670, 1985

Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher ER, Bauer M, Wolmark N, Wickerham L, Deutsch M, Montague E, Morgolese R, Foster R: Ten year results of a randomised clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and total mastectomy with or without radiation. N Engl J Med 312:674–681, 1985

Haybittle JL, Blamey RW, Elston CW, Johnson J, Doyle PJ, Campbell FC, Nicholson RI, Griffiths K: A prognostic index in primary breast cancer. Br J Cancer 45:361–366, 1982

Blamey RW, Davies CJ, Elston CW, Johnson J, Haybittle JL, Maynard PV: Prognostic factors in breast cancer — the formation of a prognostic index. Clin Oncol 5:227–236, 1979

Elston CW, Ellis IO: Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: Experience from a large study with long term follow-up. Histopathology 19:403–410, 1991

Todd JH, Dowle C, Williams MR, Elston CW, Ellis IO, Hinton CP, Blamey RW, Haybittle JL: Confirmation of a prognostic index in primary breast cancer. Br J Cancer 56:489–492, 1987

Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group: Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic or immunotherapy. Lancet 339:1–15 & 71–84, 1992

Williams MR, Todd JH, Ellis IO, Dowle CS, Haybittle JL, Elston CW, Nicholson RI, Griffiths K, Blamey RW: Oestrogen receptors in primary and advanced breast cancer: An eight year review of 704 cases. Br J Cancer 55:67–73, 1987

Fisher B, Slack NH, Bross IDJ, and cooperating investigators: Cancer of the breast: Size of neoplasm and prognosis. Cancer 24:1071–1080, 1969

Nemoto T, Vana J, Bedwani RN, Baker HW, McGregor FH, Murphy GP: Management and survival of female breast cancer: Results of a national survey by the American College of Surgeons. Cancer 45:2917–2924, 1980

Carter CL, Allen C, Henson DE: Relation of tumour size, lymph node status, and survival in 24,740 breast cancer cases. Cancer 63:181–187, 1989

Fisher B, Ravdin RG, Ausman RK, Slack NH, Moore GE, Noer RJ, and cooperating investigators: Surgical adjuvant chemotherapy in cancer of the breast: Results of a decade of cooperative investigation. Ann Surg 168:337–356, 1968

Valagussa P, Bonadonna G, Veronesi U: Patterns of relapse and survival following radical mastectomy. Analysis of 716 consecutive patients. Cancer 41:1170–1178, 1978

Fisher B, Bauer M, Wickerham L, Redmond CK, Fisher ER (with the contribution of others): Relation of number of positive axillary nodes to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer: An NSABP update. Cancer 52:1551–1557, 1983

Adair FE: Surgical problems involved in breast cancer. Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl 4:360–380, 1949

Berg JW: The significance of axillary node levels in the study of breast carcinomas. Cancer 8:776–778, 1955

Adair F, Berg J, Joubert L, Robbins GF: Long term follow up of breast cancer patients: The 30 year report. Cancer 33:1145–1150, 1974

Smith JA, Gamez-Aranjo JJ, Gallager HS, White EC, McBride CM: Carcinoma of the breast: Analysis of total lymph node involvement versus level of metastases. Cancer 39:527–532, 1977

Barth RJ, Danforth DN, Venzon DJ, Straus KL, d'Angelo T, Merino MJ, Gerber L: Level of axillary involvement of lymph node metastases from breast cancer is not an independent predictor of survival. Arch Surg 126:574–577, 1991

du Toit R, Locker AP, Ellis IO, Elston CW, Blamey RW: Evaluation of the prognostic value of triple node biopsy in early breast cancer. Br J Surg 77:163–167, 1990

Wolff B: Histological grading in carcinoma of the breast. Br J Cancer 20:36–40, 1966

Tough ICK, Carter DC, Fraser J, Bruce J: Histological grading in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 23:294–301, 1969

Parl FF, Dupont WD: A retrospective cohort study of histologic risk factors in breast cancer patients. Cancer 50:2410–2416, 1982

Fisher ER, Sass R, Fisher B: Pathologic findings from the NSABP (Protocol No. 4). X. Discriminants for tenth year treatment failure. Cancer 53:712–723, 1984

Champion HR, Wallace IWJ, Prescott RJ: Histology in breast cancer prognosis. Br J Cancer 26:129–138, 1972

Contesso G, Mouriesse H, Friedman S, Genin G, Sarrazin D, Rouesse J: The importance of histologic grade in long-term prognosis for breast cancer: A study of 1010 patients uniformly treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. J Clin Oncol 5:1378–1386, 1987

Stenkvist B, Westman-Naeser S, Vegelius J, Holmquist J, Nordin B, Bengtsson E, Eriksson O: Analysis of reproducibility of subjective grading systems for breast carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 32:979–985, 1979

Delides GS, Garas G, Georgouli G, Jiortziotis D, Lecca J, Liva T, Elemenoglou J: Intralaboratory variations in the grading of breast carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 106:126–128, 1982

Gilchrist KW, Kalish L, Gould VE, Hirschl S, Imbriglie JE, Levy HM, Patchefsky AS, Penner DW, Pickren J, Roth JA, Schinella RA, Schwartz IS, Wheeler JE: Interobserver reproducibility of histopathological features in stage II breast cancer. An ECOG study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 5:3–10, 1985

Chetty U: Axillary surgery in breast cancer. 5th Breast Cancer Working Conference, Belgium, 1991

Wells CA, Heryet A, Brochier J, Gatter KC, Mason DY: The immunocytochemical detection of axillary micrometastases in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 50:193–197, 1984

Trojanio M, de Mascarel I, Bonichon F, Coindre JM, Delsol G: Micrometastases to axillary lymph nodes from carcinoma of the breast: Detection by immunochemistry and prognostic significance. Br J Cancer 55:303–306, 1987

Friedman S, Bertin F, Mouriesse H, Benchabat A, Genin J, Sarrazin D, Contesso G: Importance of tumour cells in axillary node sinus margins (‘clandestine’ metastases) discovered by serial sectioning in operable breast cancer. Acta Oncol 27:483–487, 1988

International (Ludwig) Breast Cancer Study Group: Prognostic importance of occult axillary lymph node micrometastases from breast cancer. Lancet 335:1565–1568, 1990

Huvos AG, Hutter RVP, Berg JW: Significance of axillary macrometastasis and micrometastases in mammary cancer. Ann Surg 173:44–46, 1971

Fisher ER, Palekar A, Rochette H, Redmond C, Fisher B: Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (Protocol No. 4). V. Significance of axillary nodal micro- and macrometastases. Cancer 42:2032–2038, 1978

Galea MH, Athanassiou E, Bell J, Dilks B, Robertson JFR, Elston CW, Blamey RW, Ellis IO: Occult regional lymph node metastases from breast carcinoma: Immunohistological detection with antibodies CAM 5.2 and NCRC-11. J Pathol 165:221–227, 1991

Sampat MB, Sirsat MV, Gangadharan P: Prognostic significance of blood vessel invasion in carcinoma of the breast in women. J Surg Oncol 9:623–632, 1977

Wiegand RA, Isenberg MW, Russo J, Brennan MJ, Rich MA, and the Breast Cancer Prognostic Study Associates: Blood vessel invasion and axillary node involvement as prognostic indicators to human breast cancer. Cancer 50:962–969, 1982

Lee AKC, DeLellis RA, Silverman ML, Heattey GJ, Wolfe HJ: Prognostic significance of peritumoral lymphatic and blood vessel invasion in node-negative carcinoma of the breast. J Clin Oncol 8:1457–1465, 1990

O'Rourke S, Galea MH, Euhas E, Pinder S, Ellis IO, Elston CW, Blamey RW: An audit of local recurrence following simple mastectomy. Br J Surg 1991, in press

Locker AP, Ellis IO, Morgan DAL, Elston CW, Mitchell A, Blamey RW: Factors influencing local recurrence after excision and radiotherapy for primary breast cancer. Br J Surg 76:890–894, 1989

Fourquet A, Campana F, Zafrani B, Mossen V, Vieth P, Durand JC, Vilcoq JR: Prognostic factors of breast recurrence in the conservative management of early breast cancer: A 25 year follow-up. Int J Rad Biol Phys 17:719–725, 1988

Ellis IO, Galea M, Broughton N, Locker A, Blamey RW, Elston CW: II. Histological type. Relationship with survival in a large study with long term follow-up. Histopathology 1992, in press

Ellis IO, Bell J, Todd J, Williams M, Dowle C, Robins AR, Elston CW, Blamey RW, Baldwin RW: Evaluation of immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibody NCRC-11 in breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 56:295–299, 1987

Dowle CS, Owainati A, Robins A, Burns K, Ellis IO, Elston CW, Blamey RW: The prognostic significance of the DNA content of human breast cancer. Br J Surg 74:133–136, 1987

Lovekin A, Ellis IO, Locker AP, Robertson JFR, Bell J, Nicholson R, Gullick WJ, Elston CW, Blamey RW: c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression in primary and advanced breast cancer. Br J Cancer 63:439–443, 1991

Locker AP, Dowle CS, Ellis IO, Elston CW, Blamey RW, Sikora K, Evan G, Robins RA: C-myc oncogene product expression and prognosis in operable breast cancer. Br J Cancer 60:669–672, 1989

Fenlon S, Ellis IO, Bell J, Todd J, Elston CW, Blamey RW:Helix pomatia andUlex europeus lectin binding in human breast carcinoma. J Pathol 152:169–176, 1987

Chevallier B, Mossen V, Dauce JP, Bastit P, Julien JP, Asselain B: A prognostic score in histological node negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 61:436–440, 1990

Baak JPA, van Dop H, Kurver PHJ, Hermans J: The value of morphometry to classical prognosticators in breast cancer. Cancer 56:374–382, 1985

Bryan RM, Mercer RJ, Bennett RC, Rennie GC: Prognostic factors in breast cancer and the development of a prognostic index. Breast J Surg 73:267–271, 1986

Jones M, Benson EA: Analysis of long-term prognostic factors in breast cancer. Nottingham International Breast Cancer Meeting, September, 1992

Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher ER, Bauer M, Wolmark N, Wickerham L, Deutsch M, Montague E, Margolese R, Foster R: Ten year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and total mastectomy with or without radiation. N Engl J Med 312:674–681, 1985

Williams MR, Hinton CP, Todd JH, Morgan DAL, Elston CW, Blamey RW: The prediction of local or regional recurrence after simple mastectomy for operable breast cancer. Breast J Surg 72:721–723, 1985

Morgan DAL, Galea MH, Berridge J, Blamey RW, Elston CW, Ellis IO: Post mastectomy radiotherapy in patients at high risk of loco-regional recurrence: A randomized trial. Nottingham International Breast Cancer Meeting, September, 1992

Veronesi U, Costa A, Saccozzi R: Surgical technique of breast quadrantectomy and axillary dissection.In Strombeck JO, Rosato FE (eds) Surgery of the Breast. Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1986, pp 127–131

O'Brien DP, Horgan DG, Gough DB, Shehill R, Grimes H, Given HF: CA 15-3: A reliable indicator of metastatic bone disease in breast cancer patients. Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl 74:9–12, 1992