The NMDA receptor ‘glycine modulatory site’ in schizophrenia: d-serine, glycine, and beyond

Current Opinion in Pharmacology - Tập 20 - Trang 109-115 - 2015
Darrick T Balu1,2, Joseph T Coyle1,2
1Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
2Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Perala, 2007, Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 64, 19, 10.1001/archpsyc.64.1.19 DeLisi, 2006, Understanding structural brain changes in schizophrenia, Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 8, 71, 10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.1/ldelisi 2014, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics C: Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci, Nature, 511, 421, 10.1038/nature13595 Bergeron, 1998, Modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function by glycine transport, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 15730, 10.1073/pnas.95.26.15730 Wolosker, 1999, Serine racemase: a glial enzyme synthesizing d-serine to regulate glutamate-N-methyl-d-aspartate neurotransmission, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 13409, 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13409 Schell, 1995, d-Serine, an endogenous synaptic modulator: localization to astrocytes and glutamate-stimulated release, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, 3948, 10.1073/pnas.92.9.3948 Hashimoto, 1993, Endogenous d-serine in rat brain: N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-related distribution and aging, J Neurochem, 60, 783, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03219.x Papouin, 2012, Synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors are gated by different endogenous coagonists, Cell, 150, 633, 10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.029 Rosenberg, 2013, Neuronal d-serine and glycine release via the Asc-1 transporter regulates NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic activity, J Neurosci, 33, 3533, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3836-12.2013 Basu, 2009, Targeted disruption of serine racemase affects glutamatergic neurotransmission and behavior, Mol Psychiatry, 14, 719, 10.1038/mp.2008.130 Ehmsen, 2013, d-Serine in glia and neurons derives from 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, J Neurosci, 33, 12464, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4914-12.2013 Yang, 2010, Brain-specific Phgdh deletion reveals a pivotal role for l-serine biosynthesis in controlling the level of d-serine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor co-agonist, in adult brain, J Biol Chem, 285, 41380, 10.1074/jbc.M110.187443 Mothet, 2005, Glutamate receptor activation triggers a calcium-dependent and SNARE protein-dependent release of the gliotransmitter D-serine, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 5606, 10.1073/pnas.0408483102 Miya, 2008, Serine racemase is predominantly localized in neurons in mouse brain, J Comp Neurol, 510, 641, 10.1002/cne.21822 Benneyworth, 2012, Cell selective conditional null mutations of serine racemase demonstrate a predominate localization in cortical glutamatergic neurons, Cell Mol Neurobiol, 32, 613, 10.1007/s10571-012-9808-4 Balu, 2014, d-Serine and serine racemase are localized to neurons in the adult mouse and human forebrain, Cell Mol Neurobiol, 34, 419, 10.1007/s10571-014-0027-z Fossat, 2012, Glial d-serine gates NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses in prefrontal cortex, Cereb Cortex, 22, 595, 10.1093/cercor/bhr130 Martineau, 2013, Storage and uptake of d-serine into astrocytic synaptic-like vesicles specify gliotransmission, J Neurosci, 33, 3413, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3497-12.2013 Betz, 2006, Glycine transporters: essential regulators of synaptic transmission, Biochem Soc Trans, 34, 55, 10.1042/BST0340055 Zafra, 1995, Regional distribution and developmental variation of the glycine transporters GLYT1 and GLYT2 in the rat CNS, Eur J Neurosci, 7, 1342, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01125.x Cubelos, 2005, Localization of the GLYT1 glycine transporter at glutamatergic synapses in the rat brain, Cereb Cortex, 15, 448, 10.1093/cercor/bhh147 Kessler, 1989, A glycine site associated with N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors: characterization and identification of a new class of antagonists, J Neurochem, 52, 1319, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb01881.x Hilmas, 2001, The brain metabolite kynurenic acid inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-alpha7 nicotinic receptor expression: physiopathological implications, J Neurosci, 21, 7463, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07463.2001 Lugo-Huitron, 2011, On the antioxidant properties of kynurenic acid: free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of oxidative stress, Neurotoxicol Teratol, 33, 538, 10.1016/j.ntt.2011.07.002 Krystal, 1994, Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51, 199, 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004 Lahti, 2001, Effects of ketamine in normal and schizophrenic volunteers, Neuropsychopharmacology, 25, 455, 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00243-3 Dalmau, 2007, Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma, Ann Neurol, 61, 25, 10.1002/ana.21050 Dalmau, 2011, Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, Lancet Neurol, 10, 63, 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70253-2 Steiner, 2013, Increased prevalence of diverse N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor antibodies in patients with an initial diagnosis of schizophrenia: specific relevance of IgG NR1a antibodies for distinction from N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor encephalitis, JAMA Psychiatry, 70, 271, 10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.86 Allen, 2008, Systematic meta-analyses and field synopsis of genetic association studies in schizophrenia: the SzGene database, Nat Genet, 40, 827, 10.1038/ng.171 Fromer, 2014, De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate synaptic networks, Nature, 506, 178, 10.1038/nature12929 Kirov, 2012, De novo CNV analysis implicates specific abnormalities of postsynaptic signalling complexes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, Mol Psychiatry, 17, 142, 10.1038/mp.2011.154 Purcell, 2014, A polygenic burden of rare disruptive mutations in schizophrenia, Nature, 506, 185, 10.1038/nature12975 Weickert, 2013, Molecular evidence of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia, Mol Psychiatry, 18, 1185, 10.1038/mp.2012.137 Bendikov, 2007, A CSF and postmortem brain study of d-serine metabolic parameters in schizophrenia, Schizophr Res, 90, 41, 10.1016/j.schres.2006.10.010 Goltsov, 2006, Polymorphism in the 5′-promoter region of serine racemase gene in schizophrenia, Mol Psychiatry, 11, 325, 10.1038/sj.mp.4001801 Labrie, 2009, Genetic loss of d-amino acid oxidase activity reverses schizophrenia-like phenotypes in mice, Genes Brain Behav, 9, 11, 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2009.00529.x Morita, 2007, A genetic variant of the serine racemase gene is associated with schizophrenia, Biol Psychiatry, 61, 1200, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.025 Hashimoto, 2005, Reduced d-serine to total serine ratio in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug naive schizophrenic patients, Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 29, 767, 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.04.023 Erhardt, 2001, Kynurenic acid levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia, Neurosci Lett, 313, 96, 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02242-X Schwarcz, 2001, Increased cortical kynurenate content in schizophrenia, Biol Psychiatry, 50, 521, 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01078-2 Balu, 2013, Multiple risk pathways for schizophrenia converge in serine racemase knockout mice, a mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, E2400, 10.1073/pnas.1304308110 DeVito, 2011, Serine racemase deletion disrupts memory for order and alters cortical dendritic morphology, Genes Brain Behav, 10, 210, 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00656.x Carlson, 2011, Dysbindin-1 mutant mice implicate reduced fast-phasic inhibition as a final common disease mechanism in schizophrenia, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108, E962, 10.1073/pnas.1109625108 Karlsgodt, 2011, Reduced dysbindin expression mediates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction and impaired working memory performance, Biol Psychiatry, 69, 28, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.012 Belforte, 2009, Postnatal NMDA receptor ablation in corticolimbic interneurons confers schizophrenia-like phenotypes, Nat Neurosci, 13, 76, 10.1038/nn.2447 Goff, 1995, Dose-finding trial of d-cycloserine added to neuroleptics for negative symptoms in schizophrenia, Am J Psychiatry, 152, 1213, 10.1176/ajp.152.8.1213 Quartermain, 1994, Acute but not chronic activation of the NMDA-coupled glycine receptor with d-cycloserine facilitates learning and retention, Eur J Pharmacol, 257, 7, 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90687-4 Tsai, 2010, Strategies to enhance N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotransmission in schizophrenia, a critical review and meta-analysis, Curr Pharm Des, 16, 522, 10.2174/138161210790361452 Buchanan, 2007, The Cognitive Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial (CONSIST): the efficacy of glutamatergic agents for negative symptoms and cognitive impairments, Am J Psychiatry, 164, 1593, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06081358 Coyle, 2004, The NMDA receptor glycine modulatory site: a therapeutic target for improving cognition and reducing negative symptoms in schizophrenia, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 174, 32, 10.1007/s00213-003-1709-2 Li, 2013, Identity of endogenous NMDAR glycine site agonist in amygdala is determined by synaptic activity level, Nat Commun, 4, 1760, 10.1038/ncomms2779 Verrall, 2010, The neurobiology of d-amino acid oxidase and its involvement in schizophrenia, Mol Psychiatry, 15, 122, 10.1038/mp.2009.99 Lane, 2013, Add-on treatment of benzoate for schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor, JAMA Psychiatry, 70, 1267, 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2159 Kozak, 2014, Reduction of brain kynurenic acid improves cognitive function, J Neurosci, 34, 10592, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1107-14.2014 Schwarcz, 2012, Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology meets pathology, Nat Rev Neurosci, 13, 465, 10.1038/nrn3257 Herman, 2012, Metabotropic glutamate receptors for new treatments in schizophrenia, Handb Exp Pharmacol, 29, 7 Albuquerque, 2013, Kynurenic acid as an antagonist of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain: facts and challenges, Biochem Pharmacol, 85, 1027, 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.014 Paul, 2013, The major brain cholesterol metabolite 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol is a potent allosteric modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, J Neurosci, 33, 17290, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2619-13.2013 Jones, 2012, Muscarinic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and allosteric modulators for the treatment of schizophrenia, Neuropsychopharmacology, 37, 16, 10.1038/npp.2011.199 Lin, 2013, CASK regulates SAP97 conformation and its interactions with AMPA and NMDA receptors, J Neurosci, 33, 12067, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0816-13.2013 Wang, 2006, CLC-3 channels modulate excitatory synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons, Neuron, 52, 321, 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.035 Guzman, 2014, Involvement of ClC-3 chloride/proton exchangers in controlling glutamatergic synaptic strength in cultured hippocampal neurons, Front Cell Neurosci, 8, 143, 10.3389/fncel.2014.00143