The Mask of Sanity Revisited: Psychopathic Traits and Affective Mimicry

Allen, V. L., & Atkinson, M. L. (1981). Identification of spontaneous and deliberate behavior. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 5, 224–237.

Baughman, H., Jonason, P., Veselka, L., & Vernon, P. (2014). Four shades of sexual fantasies linked to the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 47–51. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.034 .

Baumeister, R. F., & Lobbestael, J. (2011). Emotions and antisocial behavior. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 22, 635–649. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2011.617535 .

Benning, S., Patrick, C., Hicks, B., Blonigen, D., & Krueger, R. (2003). Factor structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory: validity and implications for clinical assessment. Psychological Assessment, 15, 340–350. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.340 .

Birbaumer, N., Veit, R., Lotze, M., Erb, M., Hermann, C., Grodd, W., & Flor, H. (2005). Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 799–805. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.7.799 .

Blair, R. J. R. (2005). Applying a cognitive neuroscience perspective to the disorder of psychopathy. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 865–891. doi: 10.1017/S0954579405050418 .

Blair, R., Jones, L., Clark, F., & Smith, M. (1997). The psychopathic individual: a lack of responsiveness to distress cues? Psychophysiology, 34, 192–198.

Blair, R., Mitchell, D., Peschardt, K., Colledge, E., Leonard, R., Shine, J., et al. (2004). Reduced sensitivity to others’ fearful expressions in psychopathic individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1111–1122. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.008 .

Book, A. S., & Quinsey, V. L. (2004). Psychopaths: cheaters or warrior-hawks? Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 33–45. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00049-7 .

Book, A. S., Quinsey, V. L., & Langford, D. (2007). Psychopathy and perception of affect and vulnerability. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 531–544.

Book, A. S., Visser, B., & Volk, A. (2015). Unpacking evil: claiming the core of the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 73, 29–38. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.016 .

Cleckley, H. (1941). The mask of sanity: an attempt to clarify some issues about the so called psychopathic personality.. St. Louis: Mosby.

Copestake, S., Gray, N., & Snowden, R. (2013). Emotional intelligence and psychopathy: a comparison of trait and ability measures. Emotion, 13, 691–702. doi: 10.1037/a0031746 .

Coyne, S. M., & Thomas, T. J. (2008). Psychopathy, aggression, and cheating behavior: a test of the Cheater–Hawk hypothesis. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1105–1115. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.002 .

Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1988). Evolutionary social psychology and family homicide. Science, 242, 519–524.

Dawkins, R. (1976). Theselfish gene. New York City: Oxford University Press.

Deeley, Q., Daly, E., Surguladze, S., Tunstall, N., Mezey, G., Beer, D., Ambikapathy, A., Robertson, D., & Murphy, D. G. (2006). Facial emotion processing in criminal psychopathy. Preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 533–539.

Ekman, P. (1970). Universal facial expressions of emotion. California Mental Health Research Digest, 8, 151–158.

Ekman, P. (1992). Telling lies: clues to deceit in the marketplace, marriage, and politics (2nd ed.). New York: W.W. Norton.

Ekman, P. (1993). Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist, 48, 384–392.

Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1978). Facial action coding system: a technique for the measurement of facial movement. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Ekman, P., Hager, J. C., & Friesen, W. V. (1981). The symmetry of emotional and deliberate facial actions. Psychophysiology, 18, 101–106.

Figuerdo, M., Vasquez, G., Brumbach, B., Schneider, S., Sefcek, J., Tal, I., et al. (2006). Consilience and life history theory: from genes to brain in reproductive strategy. Developmental Review, 26, 243–275. doi: 10.1016/j.dr.2006.02.002 .

Frank, R. (1988). Passions within reason: The strategic role of emotions. New York: W.W. Norton.

Fridlund, A. (1994). Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. San Diego: Academic Press.

Glass, S., & Newman, J. (2006). Recognition of facial affect in psychopathic offenders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 815–820. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.815 .

Glenn, A. L., Kurzban, R., & Raine, A. (2011). Evolutionary theory and psychopathy. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16, 371–380. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2011.03.009 .

Griffiths, P. E. (2003). Basic emotions, complex emotions, Machiavellian emotions. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 52, 39–67. doi: 10.1017/S1358246100007888 .

Hager, J. C., & Ekman, P. (1985). The asymmetry of facial actions is inconsistent with models of hemispheric specialization. Psychophysiology, 22, 307–318.

Hamilton, W. (1964a). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1–16. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4 .

Hamilton, W. (1964b). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 17–52. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(64)90039-6 .

Hare, R. D. (1991). Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Toronto: MHS.

Hare, R. D. (1993). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. New York: Pocketbooks.

Hare, R. D. (2001). Psychopaths and their nature: some implications for understanding human predatory violence. In J. Sanmartin & A. Raine (Eds.), Violence and psychopathy (pp. 5–34). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Hare, R. D. (2003). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (2nd ed.). Toronto: MHS.

Hare, R., & Neumann, C. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 217–246. doi: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452 .

Hinde, R. A. (1985). Expression and negotiation. In G. Zivin (Ed.), The development of expressive behavior (pp. 103–116). New York: Academic Press.

Jonason, P., & Buss, D. (2012). Avoiding entangling commitments: tactics for implementing a short-term mating strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 606–610. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.015 .

Jonason, P., & Webster, G. (2012). A protean approach to social influence: Dark Triad personalities and social influence tactics. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 521–526. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.023 .

Jonason, P. K., Li, N., Webster, G. D., & Schmitt, D. P. (2009). The dark triad: facilitating a short-termmating strategy in men. European Journal of Personality, 23, 5–18. doi: 10.1002/per.698 .

Jonason, P. K., Luevano, V., & Adams, H. (2012a). How the Dark Triad traits predict relationship choices. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 180–184. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.007 .

Jonason, P., Slomski, S., & Partyka, J. (2012b). The Dark Triad at work: how toxic employees get their way. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 449–453. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.008 .

Jonason, P., Webster, G., Schmitt, D., Li, N., & Crysel, L. (2012c). The anti-hero in popular culture: Life History Theory and the Dark Triad Personality traits. Review of General Psychology, 16, 192–199. doi: 10.1037/a0027914 .

Jones, D. (2014). Predatory personalities as behavioural mimics and parasites: mimicry-deception theory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9, 445–451. doi: 10.1177/1745691614535936 .

Kaufman, A. S., & Kaufman, N. L. (1990). Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test. Manual. Circle Pines: American Guidance Service.

Kolb, B., & Taylor, L. (2000). Facial expression, emotion, and hemispheric organization. In R. D. Lane & L. Nadel (Eds.), Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion (pp. 63–83). Oxford University Press.

Krupp, D. B., Sewall, L. A., Lalumière, M. L., Sheriff, C., & Harris, G. T. (2012). Nepotistic patterns of violent psychopathy: evidence for adaptation? Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00305 .

Krupp, D. B., Sewall, L. A., Lalumière, M. L., Sheriff, C., & Harris, G. T. (2013). Psychopathy, adaptation, and disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(139), 1–5. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00139 .

Levenson, M. R. (1990). Risk taking and personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1073–1080.

Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 151–158.

Levenston, G. K., Patrick, C. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2000). The psychopath as observer: emotion and attention in picture processing. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 373–385.

Lilienfeld, S. O., & Hess, T. H. (2001). Psychopathic personality traits and somatization: sex differences and the mediating role of negative emotionality. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 11–24. doi: 10.1023/A:1011035306061 .

Lorenz, A. R., & Newman, J. P. (2002). Deficient response modulation and emotion processing in low-anxious Caucasian psychopathic offenders: Results from a lexical decision task. Emotion, 2, 91–104.

Marsh, A. A., Finger, E. C., Schechter, J. C., Jurkowitz, I. T. N., Reid, M. E., & Blair, R. J. R. (2011). Adolescents with psychopathic traits report reductions in physiological responses to fear. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 834–841. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02353.x .

Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1988). Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) and neutral faces (JACNeuF). San Francisco: San Francisco State University.

Mealey, L. (1995). The sociobiology of sociopathy: An integrated evolutionary model. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 523–599. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00039595 .

Naugle, R. I., Chelune, G. J., & Tucker, G. D. (1993). The validity of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test. Psychological Assessment, 5, 182–186.

Newman, J. P., Patterson, C. M., & Kosson, D. S. (1987). Response perseveration in psychopaths. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 145–148.

Newman, J. P., Schmitt, W. A., & Voss, W. D. (1997). The impact of motivationally neutral cues on psychopathic individuals: assessing the generality of the Response Modulation Hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 563–575.

Patrick, C., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1993). Emotion in the criminal psychopath: Startle reflex modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 82–92. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.82 .

Patrick, C., Cuthbert, B., & Lang, P. (1994). Emotion in the criminal psychopath: Fear image processing. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 523–534. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.103.3.523 .

Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556–563. doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6 .

Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 515–526.

Richell, R. A., Mitchell, D. G. V., Newman, C., Leonard, A., Baron-Cohen, S., et al. (2003). Theory of mind and psychopathy: can psychopathic individuals read the ‘language of the eyes’? Neuropsychologia, 41, 523–526.

Richell, R. A., Mitchell, D. G. V., Peschardt, K. S., Winston, J. S., Leonard, A., et al. (2005). Trust and distrust: the perception of trustworthiness of faces in psychopathic and non- psychopathic offenders. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1735–1744.

Seto, M., Khattar, N. A., Lalumiere, M., & Quinsey, V. L. (1997). Deception and sexual strategy in psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 301–307. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00212-7 .

Trivers, R. L. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 46, 35–57.

Veit, R., Konicar, L., Klinzing, J., Barth, B., Yilmaz, O., & Birbaumer, N. (2013). Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy as a function of interpersonal and affective disturbances. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00706 .

Visser, B., DeBow, V., Pozzebon, J., Boegart, A., & Book, A. (2015). Psychopathic sexuality: The thin line between fantasy and reality. Journal of Personality. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12110 .

Wilson, K., Juodis, M., & Porter, S. (2011). Fear and loathing in psychopaths: a meta-analytic investigation of the facial affect recognition deficit. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38, 659–668. doi: 10.1177/0093854811404120 .

Woodworth, M., & Waschbusch, D. (2008). Emotional processing in children with callous/unemotional traits. Child: Care, Health and Development, 34, 234–244. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.0079 .