The Long-term Consequence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Meniscus Injuries
Tóm tắt
The objectives of this study are to review the long-term consequences of injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci, the pathogenic mechanisms, and the causes of the considerable variability in outcome. Injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci are common in both athletes and the general population. At 10 to 20 years after the diagnosis, on average, 50% of those with a diagnosed anterior cruciate ligament or meniscus tear have osteoarthritis with associated pain and functional impairment: the young patient with an old knee. These individuals make up a substantial proportion of the overall osteoarthritis population. There is a lack of evidence to support a protective role of repair or reconstructive surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament or meniscus against osteoarthritis development. A consistent finding in a review of the literature is the often poor reporting of critical study variables, precluding data pooling or a meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis development in the injured joints is caused by intra-articular pathogenic processes initiated at the time of injury, combined with long-term changes in dynamic joint loading. Variation in outcome is reinforced by additional variables associated with the individual such as age, sex, genetics, obesity, muscle strength, activity, and reinjury. A better understanding of these variables may improve future prevention and treatment strategies. In evaluating medical treatment, we now expect large randomized clinical trials complemented by postmarketing monitoring. We should strive toward a comparable level of quality of evidence in surgical treatment of knee injuries. In instances in which a randomized clinical trial is not feasible, natural history and other observational cohort studies need to be as carefully designed and reported as the classic randomized clinical trial, to yield useful information.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abramson SB, 2004, J Rheumatol Suppl, 70, 70
BurrD.Subchondral bone in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: mechanical aspects . In: BrandtKD, DohertyM, LohmanderLS, eds. Osteoarthritis. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2003:125–132.
Butler JC, 1988, Clin Orthop Relat Res., 228, 150
Casteleyn PP, 1999, Acta Orthop Belg, 65, 327
Creamer P., 1996, J Rheumatol., 23, 1031
Dervin GF, 2001, Can J Surg., 44, 267
Englund M., 2006, Arthritis Rheum., 54, S512
Englund M., 2007, Trans Orthop Res Soc., 32, 799
Englund M., 2006, Rheumatol., 1, 207
Frobell R., 2007, Clin Trials, 28, 295
Garcia R., 2000, J South Orthop Assoc, 9, 19
Hannan MT, 2000, J Rheumatol., 27, 1513
HeinegårdD., BaylissM., LorenzoP.Biochemistry and metabolism of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. In: BrandtKD, DohertyM, LohmanderLS, eds. Osteoarthritis. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2003:73–82.
Howell, 2000, Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2, CD001353
Hunter DJ, 2005, J Rheumatol., 32, 2192
Johnston DR, 2003, Sci., 8, 789
Klareskog L., 2006, Rheumatol., 2, 425
Liang MH, 2004, J Rheumatol., 31, 61
Linko E., 2005, Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2, CD001356
Lohmander LS, 2004, J Rheumatol., 31, 28
LohmanderLSOsteoarthritis: a major cause of disability in the elderly. In: BuckwalterJ, GoldbergV, WooS, eds. Age Related Changes in the Musculoskeletal System: A Major Cause of Decreased Mobility With Increasing Age. Rosemont, Ill: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1993:99–115.
Lohmander LS, Biochemical markers as surrogate endpoints of joint disease
Lohmander LS, 2005, J Rheumatol., 32, 1142
LohmanderLS, PooleARDefining and validating the clinical role of molecular markers in osteoarthritis . In: BrandtKD, DohertyM, LohmanderLS, eds. Osteoarthritis. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2003:468–477.
Lohmander LS, 1996, J Rheumatol., 23, 1765
Loughlin J., 2005, Mol Med., 9, 1
Martin JA, 2004, Biorheology, 41, 479
Owings MF, 1998, Vital Health Stat, 13, 139
PeterfyCGMagnetic resonance imaging. In: BrandtKD, DohertyM, LohmanderLS, eds. Osteoarthritis. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2003:433–451.
SandyJ.Proteolytic degradation of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage matrix. In: BrandtKD, DohertyM, LohmanderLS, eds. Osteoarthritis. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2003:82–92.
Spindler KP, 2005, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 87, 1673
2007, Statistics Sweden homepage
WattI., DohertyM.Plain radiographic features of osteoarthritis. In: BrandtKD, DohertyM, LohmanderLS, eds. Osteoarthritis. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2003:211–225.
WestacottCISubchondral bone in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: biological effects . In: BrandtKD, DohertyM, LohmanderLS, eds. Osteoarthritis. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2003:133–142.
2007, International ACL database
Yu JS, 1996, Crit Rev Diagn Imaging., 37, 261