The Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Gene Cluster: Tuning the Genome for Defense

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics - Tập 7 Số 1 - Trang 277-300 - 2006
Arman Bashirova1, Maureen P. Martin2, Daniel W. McVicar3, Mary Carrington2
1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
2Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Basic Research Program, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702;
3Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702

Tóm tắt

Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are molecules expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, which play an important role in innate immunity. KIR recognition of major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I allotypes represents one component of the complex interactions between NK cells and their targets in determining NK cell reactivity. KIRs are encoded by a gene cluster at human chromosome 19q13.4. Despite their high degree of sequence identity, KIR genes encode proteins that have diverse recognition patterns (specific HLA class I allotypes) and confer opposing signals (activating or inhibitory) to the NK cell. The KIR gene cluster is highly polymorphic, with individual genes exhibiting allelic variability and individual haplotypes differing in gene content. The polymorphism of the KIR locus parallels that of the MHC, facilitating the adaptation of the immune system to a dynamic, challenging environment. This variation is associated with a growing number of human diseases, which is likely to extend to levels observed for the HLA loci. Here we review current progress in understanding KIR biology and genetics.

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Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics

Tập 7 Số 1

277-300

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