The ISKDC classification and a new semiquantitative classification for predicting outcomes of Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis

Gardner-Medwin JM, Dolezalova P, Cummins C, Southwood TR (2002) Incidence of Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins. Lancet 360:1197–1202

Saulsbury FT (2007) Clinical update: Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura. Lancet 369:976–978

Narchi H (2005) Risk of long term renal impairment and duration of follow up recommended for Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura with normal or minimal urinary findings: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 90:916–920

Davin JC (2011) Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis: pathophysiology, treatment, and future strategy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:679–689

Counahan R, Winterborn MH, White RH, Heaton JM, Meadow SR, Bluett NH, Swetschin H, Cameron JS, Chantler C (1977) Prognosis of Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein nephritis in children. Br Med J 2:11–14

Davin JC, Coppo R (2013) Pitfalls in recommending evidence-based guidelines for a protean disease like Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 28:1897–1903

Ronkainen J, Ala-Houhala M, Autio-Harmainen H, Jahnukainen T, Koskimies O, Merenmies J, Mustonen J, Ormala T, Turtinen J, Nuutinen M (2006) Long-term outcome 19 years after childhood IgA nephritis: a retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Nephrol 21:1266–1273

Jauhola O, Ronkainen J, Autio-Harmainen H, Koskimies O, Ala-Houhala M, Arikoski P, Holtta T, Jahnukainen T, Rajantie J, Ormala T, Nuutinen M (2011) Cyclosporine A vs. methylprednisolone for Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein nephritis: a randomized trial. Pediatr Nephrol 26:2159–2166

Schwartz GJ, Munoz A, Schneider MF, Mak RH, Kaskel F, Warady BA, Furth SL (2009) New equations to estimate GFR in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:629–637

Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, 3rd Castro AF, Feldman HI, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Van Lente F, Greene T, Coresh J, CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) (2009) A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 150:604–612

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group (2013) KDIGO 2012 Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 3:1–150. http://kdigo.org/home/guidelines/ckd-evaluation-management/

Goldstein AR, White RH, Akuse R, Chantler C (1992) Long-term follow-up of childhood Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein nephritis. Lancet 339:280–282

Ronkainen J, Nuutinen M, Koskimies O (2002) The adult kidney 24 years after childhood purpura: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 360:666–670

Nuutinen M, Lautala P, Remes M, Uhari M (2000) Nephrectomy in severe hypertension. Clin Nephrol 54:342–346

Pepe MS, Longton G, Janes H (2009) Estimation and comparison of receiver operating characteristic curves. Stata J 9:1–16

Clayton P. CUTPT: Stata module for empirical estimation of cutpoint for a diagnostic test. https://Ideas.Repec.Org/C/Boc/Bocode/S457719.Html . Accessed May 2016

Cicchetti D (1994) Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychol Assess 6:284–290

Edstrom Halling S, Soderberg MP, Berg UB (2010) Predictors of outcome in Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 25:1101–1108

Ronkainen J, Ala-Houhala M, Huttunen NP, Jahnukainen T, Koskimies O, Ormala T, Nuutinen M (2003) Outcome of Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein nephritis with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Clin Nephrol 60:80–84

Foster BJ, Bernard C, Drummond KN, Sharma AK (2000) Effective therapy for severe Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis with prednisone and azathioprine: a clinical and histopathologic study. J Pediatr 136:370–375

Lim BJ, Shin JI, Choi SE, Rhim H, Lee JS, Kim PK, Jeong HJ, Kim JH (2016) The significance of tubulointerstitial lesions in childhood Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 31:2087–2093

Pillebout E, Thervet E, Hill G, Alberti C, Vanhille P, Nochy D (2002) Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura in adults: outcome and prognostic factors. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:1271–1278

Wakaki H, Ishikura K, Hataya H, Hamasaki Y, Sakai T, Yata N, Kaneko T, Honda M (2011) Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis with nephrotic state in children: predictors of poor outcomes. Pediatr Nephrol 26:921–925

Coppo R, Andrulli S, Amore A, Gianoglio B, Conti G, Peruzzi L, Locatelli F, Cagnoli L (2006) Predictors of outcome in Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein nephritis in children and adults. Am J Kidney Dis 47:993–1003

Niaudet P, Habib R (1998) Methylprednisolone pulse therapy in the treatment of severe forms of Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 12:238–243

Kawasaki Y, Suzuki J, Suzuki H (2004) Efficacy of methylprednisolone and urokinase pulse therapy combined with or without cyclophosphamide in severe Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein nephritis: a clinical and histopathological study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 19:858–864

Szeto CC, Choi PC, To KF, Li PK, Hui J, Chow KM, Leung CB, Lui SF, Mac-Moune Lai F (2001) Grading of acute and chronic renal lesions in Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura. Mod Pathol 14:635–640

Working Group of the International IgA Nephropathy Network and the Renal Pathology Society, Roberts IS, Cook HT, Troyanov S, Alpers CE, Amore A, Barratt J, Berthoux F, Bonsib S, Bruijn JA, Cattran DC, Coppo R, D’Agati V, D’Amico G, Emancipator S, Emma F, Feehally J, Ferrario F, Fervenza FC, Florquin S, Fogo A, Geddes CC, Groene HJ, Haas M, Herzenberg AM, Hill PA, Hogg RJ, Hsu SI, Jennette JC, Joh K, Julian BA, Kawamura T, Lai FM, Li LS, Li PK, Liu ZH, Mackinnon B, Mezzano S, Schena FP, Tomino Y, Walker PD, Wang H, Weening JJ, Yoshikawa N, Zhang H (2009) The oxford classification of IgA nephropathy: pathology definitions, correlations, and reproducibility. Kidney Int 76:546–556

Pohl M (2015) Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 30:245–252

Kim CH, Lim BJ, Bae YS, Kwon YE, Kim YL, Nam KH, Park KS, An SY, Koo HM, Doh FM, Lee MJ, Oh HJ, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Choi KH, Jeong HJ, Han SH (2014) Using the oxford classification of IgA nephropathy to predict long-term outcomes of Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis in adults. Mod Pathol 27:972–982

Davin JC, Ten Berge IJ, Weening JJ (2001) What is the difference between IgA nephropathy and Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis? Kidney Int 59:823–834

Scharer K, Krmar R, Querfeld U, Ruder H, Waldherr R, Schaefer F (1999) Clinical outcome of Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 13:816–823

Davin JC, Coppo R (2014) Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura nephritis in children. Nat Rev Nephrol 10:563–573

Ronkainen J, Koskimies O, Ala-Houhala M, Antikainen M, Merenmies J, Rajantie J, Ormala T, Turtinen J, Nuutinen M (2006) Early prednisone therapy in Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pediatr 149:241–247

Jauhola O, Ronkainen J, Koskimies O, Ala-Houhala M, Arikoski P, Holtta T, Jahnukainen T, Rajantie J, Ormala T, Turtinen J, Nuutinen M (2010) Renal manifestations of Henoch–SchonleinSchönlein purpura in a 6-month prospective study of 223 children. Arch Dis Child 95:877–882

Vittinghoff E, McCulloch CE (2007) Relaxing the rule of ten events per variable in logistic and Cox regression. Am J Epidemiol 165:710–718