The IGF-1/PI3K/Akt Pathway Prevents Expression of Muscle Atrophy-Induced Ubiquitin Ligases by Inhibiting FOXO Transcription Factors

Adams, 1998, Localized infusion of IGF-I results in skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats, J. Appl. Physiol., 84, 1716, 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.5.1716

Bodine, 2001, Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy, Science, 294, 1704, 10.1126/science.1065874

Bodine, 2001, Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial regulator of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and can prevent muscle atrophy in vivo, Nat. Cell Biol., 3, 1014, 10.1038/ncb1101-1014

Bois, 2003, FKHR (FOXO1a) is required for myotube fusion of primary mouse myoblasts, EMBO J., 22, 1147, 10.1093/emboj/cdg116

Brunet, 1999, Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor, Cell, 96, 857, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80595-4

Cantley, 2002, The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, Science, 296, 1655, 10.1126/science.296.5573.1655

Carlsson, 2002, Forkhead transcription factors, Dev. Biol., 250, 1, 10.1006/dbio.2002.0780

Coleman, 1995, Myogenic vector expression of insulin-like growth factor I stimulates muscle cell differentiation and myofiber hypertrophy in transgenic mice, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 12109, 10.1074/jbc.270.20.12109

Cross, 1995, Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B, Nature, 378, 785, 10.1038/378785a0

Datta, 1999, Cellular survival, Genes Dev., 13, 2905, 10.1101/gad.13.22.2905

DeVol, 1990, Activation of insulin-like growth factor gene expression during work-induced skeletal muscle growth, Am. J. Physiol., 259, E89

Du, 2000, Glucocorticoids induce proteasome C3 subunit expression in L6 muscle cells by opposing the suppression of its transcription by NF-kappa B, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 19661, 10.1074/jbc.M907258199

Florini, 1996, Growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system in myogenesis, Endocr. Rev., 17, 481

Glass, 2003, Signalling pathways that mediate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, Nat. Cell Biol., 5, 87, 10.1038/ncb0203-87

Goldspink, 1983, Protein turnover measured in vivo and in vitro in muscles undergoing compensatory growth and subsequent denervation atrophy, Biochem. J., 210, 89, 10.1042/bj2100089

Gomes, 2001, Atrogin-1, a muscle-specific F-box protein highly expressed during muscle atrophy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 14440, 10.1073/pnas.251541198

Hasselgren, 1999, Glucocorticoids and muscle catabolism, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 2, 201, 10.1097/00075197-199905000-00002

Hong, 1995, Effects of dexamethasone on protein degradation and protease gene expression in rat L8 myotube cultures, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 108, 199, 10.1016/0303-7207(95)03476-N

Hribal, 2003, Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-dependent myoblast differentiation by Foxo forkhead transcription factors, J. Cell Biol., 162, 535, 10.1083/jcb.200212107

Jagoe, 2001, What do we really know about the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy?, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 4, 183, 10.1097/00075197-200105000-00003

Kops, 1999, Direct control of the Forkhead transcription factor AFX by protein kinase B, Nature, 398, 630, 10.1038/19328

Mitch, 1996, Mechanisms of muscle wasting. The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, N. Engl. J. Med., 335, 1897, 10.1056/NEJM199612193352507

Murgia, 2000, Ras is involved in nerve-activity-dependent regulation of muscle genes, Nat. Cell Biol., 2, 142, 10.1038/35004013

Musaro, 2001, Localized Igf-1 transgene expression sustains hypertrophy and regeneration in senescent skeletal muscle, Nat. Genet., 27, 195, 10.1038/84839

Nave, 1999, Mammalian target of rapamycin is a direct target for protein kinase B, Biochem. J., 344, 427, 10.1042/0264-6021:3440427

Pallafacchina, 2002, A protein kinase B-dependent and rapamycin-sensitive pathway controls skeletal muscle growth but not fiber type specification, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 9213, 10.1073/pnas.142166599

Reynolds, 2002, Control of Ser2448 phosphorylation in the mammalian target of rapamycin by insulin and skeletal muscle load, J. Biol. Chem., 277, 17657, 10.1074/jbc.M201142200

Rommel, 1999, Differentiation stage-specific inhibition of the raf-MEK-ERK pathway by Akt, Science, 286, 1738, 10.1126/science.286.5445.1738

Rommel, 2001, Mediation of IGF-1-induced skeletal myotube hypertrophy by PI(3)K/Akt/mTOR and PI(3)K/Akt/GSK3 pathways, Nat. Cell Biol., 3, 1009, 10.1038/ncb1101-1009

Sandri, 2004, Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy, Cell, 117, 399, 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00400-3

Scott, 1998, Attenuation of mammalian target of rapamycin activity by increased cAMP in 3T3–L1 adipocytes, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 34496, 10.1074/jbc.273.51.34496

Tran, H., Brunet, A., Griffith, E.C., and Greenberg, M.E. (2003). The many forks in FOXO's road. Sci. STKE 2003, RE5.

Vivanco, 2002, The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase AKT pathway in human cancer, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2, 489, 10.1038/nrc839

Wang, 1998, Dexamethasone stimulates proteasome- and calcium-dependent proteolysis in cultured L6 myotubes, Shock, 10, 298, 10.1097/00024382-199810000-00011

Wray, 2003, Sepsis upregulates the gene expression of multiple ubiquitin ligases in skeletal muscle, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 35, 698, 10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00341-2