The Human Microbiome and Its Impacts on Health

International Journal of Microbiology - Tập 2020 - Trang 1-7 - 2020
Grace A. Ogunrinola1, John O. Oyewale1, Oyewumi O. Oshamika1, Grace I. Olasehinde1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

Tóm tắt

The human microbiome comprises bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes which reside within and outside our bodies. These organisms impact human physiology, both in health and in disease, contributing to the enhancement or impairment of metabolic and immune functions. Micro-organisms colonise various sites on and in the human body, where they adapt to specific features of each niche. Facultative anaerobes are more dominant in the gastrointestinal tract, whereas strict aerobes inhabit the respiratory tract, nasal cavity, and skin surface. The indigenous organisms in the human body are well adapted to the immune system, due to the biological interaction of the organisms with the immune system over time. An alteration in the intestinal microbial community plays a major role in human health and disease pathogenesis. These alterations result from lifestyle and the presence of an underlying disease. Dysbiosis increases host susceptibility to infection, and the nature of which depends on the anatomical site involved. The unique diversity of the human microbiota accounts for the specific metabolic activities and functions of these micro-organisms within each body site. It is therefore important to understand the microbial composition and activities of the human microbiome as they contribute to health and disease.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1038/nrmicro2537

10.1038/nrurol.2014.361

10.1093/nar/gkt1209

10.1038/nature13178

10.3389/fimmu.2015.00061

10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002808

10.3389/fimmu.2018.01584

10.1042/BCJ20160510

10.1073/pnas.1601060113

10.1038/nri2515

10.1128/AEM.01235-16

10.1007/s00405-016-4058-6

10.1093/femsre/fuw046

10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2929

10.1101/cshperspect.a002584

10.1161/circresaha.116.305360

10.3389/fmicb.2018.01835

10.1186/s40168-016-0222-x

10.3389/fmicb.2014.00298

10.1513/AnnalsATS.201306-189M10.1513/annalsats.201306-189mg

10.1038/nri3112

10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.12.019

10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100021

10.1002/alr.22070

10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.007

10.1016/j.aller.2015.01.013

2005

10.1073/pnas.0804812105

10.1007/s11884-016-0345-8

10.1038/nature15367

10.1371/journal.pone.0066019

10.1126/science.aad9379

10.1128/aem.01665-12