The History of Enteral Nutrition Therapy

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Extended feeding of normal human adult males, Am J Clin Nutr., 23, 525, 10.1093/ajcn/23.5.525 Butler, 1967, Precision liquid diet helps physically mentally ill, Hosp Topics., 45, 60, 10.1080/00185868.1967.9949993 Dudrick, 1968, Long-term total parenteral nutrition with growth, development, and positive nitrogen balance, Surgery., 64, 134 Thompson, 1969, Use of the “Space Diet” in the management of a patient with extreme short bowel syndrome, Am J Surg., 117, 449, 10.1016/0002-9610(69)90003-8 Stephens, 1969, Use of a concentrated, balanced, liquid elemental diet for nutritional management of catabolic states, Ann Surg., 170, 642, 10.1097/00000658-196910000-00015 Bury, 1971, Use of chemically defined, liquid, elemental diet for nutritional management of fistulas of the alimentary tract, Am J Surg., 121, 174, 10.1016/0002-9610(71)90096-1 Miller, 1975, Clinical experience with an elemental diet, Am J Clin Nutr., 28, 46, 10.1093/ajcn/28.1.46 Gormican, 1970, Prepackaged tube feedings, Hospital., 44, 58 Gormican, 1972, Nutritional and clinical responses of immobilized patients to sterile milk-based feedings, J Chron Dis., 25, 291, 10.1016/0021-9681(72)90165-8 Orten, 1951, Comparative absorption of amino acids from the intestine, Fed Proc., 10, 390 Silk, 1980, Use of a peptide rather than a free amino acid nitrogen source in chemically defined elemental diets, JPEN., 4, 548, 10.1177/0148607180004006548 Fairclough, 1975, New evidence for intact di and tri-peptide absorption and gut integrity, Gut., 16, 843A Fairclough, 1980, A comparison of the absorption of two protein hydrolysates and their effects on water and electrolyte movements in the human jejunum, Gut., 21, 829, 10.1136/gut.21.10.829 Giaffer, 1990, Controlled trial of polymeric versus elemental diet in the treatment of active Crohn's disease, Lancet., 335, 816, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90936-Y Cerra, 1991, Improvement in immune function in ICU patients by enteral nutrition supplemented with arginine, RNA, and menhaden oil is independent of nitrogen balance, Nutrition., 7, 193 Ayala, 1995, Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid modulation of immune cell function before and after trauma, Nutrition., 11, 1 Efron, 2000, Role of arginine in immunonutrition, J Gastroenterol., 35, 20 Souba, 1990, The role glutamine in maintaining a healthy gut and supporting the metabolic response to injury and infection, J Surg Res., 48, 383, 10.1016/0022-4804(90)90080-L Bowling, 1993, Reversal by short-chain fatty acids of colonic fluid secretion induced by enteral feeding, Lancet., 324, 1266, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92360-6