The Haves, the Have-Nots, and the Health of Everyone: The Relationship Between Social Inequality and Environmental Quality

Annual Review of Public Health - Tập 36 Số 1 - Trang 193-209 - 2015
Lara Cushing1, Rachel Morello‐Frosch2, Madeline Wander3, Manuel Pastor3
1Energy and Resources Group;
2Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, and the School of Public Health; University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;,
3Program for Environmental and Regional Equity, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089;,

Tóm tắt

A growing body of literature suggests that more unequal societies have more polluted and degraded environments, perhaps helping explain why more unequal societies are often less healthy. We summarize the mechanisms by which inequality can lead to environmental degradation and their relevance for public health. We review the evidence of a relationship between environmental quality and social inequality along the axes of income, wealth, political power, and race and ethnicity. Our review suggests that the evidence is strongest for air- and water-quality measures that have more immediate health implications; evidence is less strong for more dispersed pollutants that have longer-term health impacts. More attention should be paid in research and in practice to links among inequality, the environment, and health, including more within-country studies that may elucidate causal pathways and points of intervention. We synthesize common metrics of inequality and methodological considerations in an effort to bring cohesion to such efforts.

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Annual Review of Public Health

Tập 36 Số 1

193-209

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