Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Thang Đo Cảm Giác Đáng Tội Về Nuôi Dạy Trẻ (GAPS): Phát Triển và Xác Thực Ban Đầu của Một Thước Đo Tự Báo Về Cảm Giác Đáng Tội Trong Nuôi Dạy Trẻ, và Mối Quan Hệ Giữa Cảm Giác Đáng Tội Trong Nuôi Dạy Trẻ và Các Biến Số Liên Quan Đến Công Việc và Gia Đình
Tóm tắt
Nhiều bậc phụ huynh kể lại rằng họ gặp phải cảm giác tội lỗi liên quan đến việc nuôi dạy trẻ, tuy nhiên chưa có công cụ đo lường cảm giác tội lỗi này một cách hợp lý đã được kiểm chứng bằng thực nghiệm. Các nhà nghiên cứu vì vậy không thể hoàn toàn nghiên cứu hiện tượng này. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi trình bày việc phát triển và xác minh Thang Đo Cảm Giác Đáng Tội Về Nuôi Dạy Trẻ (GAPS) để đáp ứng nhu cầu này. Một mẫu thuận tiện gồm các bậc phụ huynh (N = 290, 88% là mẹ, 12% là cha, tuổi trung bình = 37.85, độ lệch chuẩn = 5.53) đã hoàn thành thước đo GAPS dự thảo cùng với một loạt các công cụ đo lường đã được xác thực tốt khác. Sử dụng Mô Hình Phương Trình Cấu Trúc, thước đo GAPS cuối cùng đã được xây dựng và kiểm tra trong một mô hình bao gồm một số yếu tố nuôi dạy trẻ liên quan. Các phân tích thống kê cho thấy mô hình 10 mục ngắn gọn có độ phù hợp tốt với một yếu tố cảm giác tội lỗi trong nuôi dạy trẻ (χ2 (35) = 65.59, p< 0.001; CFI = 0.960; SRMR = 0.041; RMSEA = 0.056, 90% CI [0.035, 0.077]) với độ hợp lệ cấu trúc, hợp lệ hội tụ và hợp lệ đồng thời tốt, và tính nhất quán nội bộ mạnh mẽ (α = 0.89, H = 0.89). Chúng tôi cũng đã kiểm tra tính hữu ích thực nghiệm của thước đo mới bằng cách khảo sát vai trò của xung đột công việc và gia đình trong việc dự đoán sự không điều chỉnh của trẻ thông qua cảm giác tội lỗi trong nuôi dạy trẻ, điều chỉnh cảm xúc của cha mẹ, và tự hiệu quả trong việc nuôi dạy trẻ. Hỗ trợ tốt được tìm thấy cho mô hình đề xuất (χ2 (450) = 773.96, p< 0.001; CFI = 0.925; SRMR = 0.058; RMSEA = 0.049, 90% CI [0.043, 0.055]). Các kết quả cho thấy GAPS là một công cụ hứa hẹn để đánh giá cảm giác tội lỗi trong nuôi dạy trẻ và nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc đưa cảm giác tội lỗi vào các mô hình nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của xung đột công việc và gia đình đến kết quả gia đình.
Từ khóa
#cảm giác tội lỗi #nuôi dạy trẻ #Guilt About Parenting Scale #xung đột công việc và gia đình #điều chỉnh cảm xúc của cha mẹTài liệu tham khảo
Alexander, B., Brewin, C. R., Vearnals, S., Wolff, G., & Leff, J. (1999). An investigation of shame and guilt in a depressed sample. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 72(3), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1348/000711299160031.
Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176.
Averill, P. M., Diefenbach, G. J., Stanley, M. A., Breckenridge, J. K., & Lusby, B. (2002). Assessment of shame and guilt in a psychiatric sample: a comparison of two measures. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(8), 1365–1376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00124-6.
Borelli, J. L., Nelson, S. K., River, L. M., Birken, S. A., & Moss-Racusin, C. (2017a). Gender differences in work-family guilt in parents of young children. Sex Roles, 76(5–6), 356–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0579-0.
Borelli, J. L., Nelson-Coffey, S. K., River, L. M., Birken, S. A., & Moss-Racusin, C. (2017b). Bringing work home: gender and parenting correlates of work-family guilt among parents of toddlers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(6), 1734–1745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0693-9.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1989). Single sample cross-validation indices for covariance structures. Multivariate Behavior Research, 24(4), 445–455. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2404_4.
Cheng, Y., Yuan, K.-H., & Liu, C. (2012). Comparison of reliability measures under factor analysis and item response theory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 72(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164411407315.
Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150876.
Coates, J., Taylor, J. A., & Sayal, K. (2015). Parenting interventions for adhd: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 19(10), 831–843. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714535952.
Cohen, R. J., Swerdlik, M. E., & Sturman, E. (2013). Psychological testing and assessment: an introduction to tests and measurement. 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Cox, E. P. (1980). The optimal number of response alternatives for a scale: a review. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 407–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700401.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555.
Dadds, M. R., Atkinson, E., Turner, C., Blums, G. J., & Lendich, B. (1999). Family conflict and child adjustment: evidence for a cognitive-contextual model of intergenerational transmission. Journal of Family Psychology, 13(2), 194–208. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.13.2.194.
Duffy, M. E., & Henkel, K. E. (2016). Non-specific terminology: moderating shame and guilt in eating disorders. Eating Disorders, 24(2), 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2015.1027120.
Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Norton and Company.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312.
Fosco, G. M., & Grych, J. H. (2008). Emotional, cognitive, and family systems mediators of children’s adjustment to interparental conflict. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(6), 843–854. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013809.
Freud, S. (1961). Civilization and its discontents. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. Journal of Marketing Research, 25(2), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.2307/3172650.
Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (2001). Rethinking construct reliability within latent variable systems. In R. Cudeck, S. du Toit, & D. Sörbom (Eds), Factor analysis and structural equation modeling: a festschrift honoring karl g. Jöreskog (pp. 195–216). Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
Haslam, D., Filus, A., Morawska, A., Sanders, M. R., & Fletcher, R. (2015a). The work–family conflict scale (wafcs): development and initial validation of a self-report measure of work–family conflict for use with parents. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 46(3), 346–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0476-0.
Haslam, D., & Finch, J. (2016). The guilt about parenting scale (GAPS). The University of Queensland, Australia: Parenting and Family Support Centre.
Haslam, D., Patrick, P., & Kirby, J. N. (2015b). Giving voice to working mothers: a consumer informed study to program design for working mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(8), 2463–2473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0049-7.
Haslam, D. M., Sanders, M. R., & Sofronoff, K. (2013). Reducing work and family conflict in teachers: a randomised controlled trial of workplace triple p. School Mental Health, 5(2), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-012-9091-z.
Hennig-Fast, K., Michl, P., Muller, J., Niedermeier, N., Coates, U., Muller, N., & Meindl, T. (2015). Obsessive-compulsive disorder-a question of conscience? An fmri study of behavioural and neurofunctional correlates of shame and guilt. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 68, 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.05.001.
Hu, L.-t, & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.
Kline, R. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, guilford press. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Korabik, K. (2015). The intersection of gender and work-family guilt. In M. J. Mills (Ed.), Gender and the work-family experience: an intersection of two domains (pp. 141–157). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Kugler, K., & Jones, W. H. (1992). On conceptualizing and assessing guilt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.2.318.
Lee, C. M., Smith, P. B., Stern, S. B., Piché, G., Feldgaier, S., Ateah, C., & Chan, K. (2014). The international parenting survey-canada: exploring access to parenting services. Canadian. Psychology, 55(2), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036297.
Lewis, H. B. (1984). Freud and modern psychology: the social nature of humanity. Psychoanalytic Review, 71(1), 7–26.
Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (dass) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U.
Luthar, S. S., & Ciciolla, L. (2015). Who mothers mommy? Factors that contribute to mothers’ well-being. Developmental Psychology, 51(12), 1812–1823. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000051.
Mann, M. B., & Thornburg, K. R. (1987). Guilt of working women with infants and toddlers in day care. Early Child Development and Care, 27(3), 451–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/0300443870270304.
Martínez, P., Carrasco, M. J., Aza, G., Blanco, A., & Espinar, I. (2011). Family gender role and guilt in spanish dual-earner families. Sex Roles, 65(11), 813–826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-0031-4.
McDonald, G., O’Brien, L., & Jackson, D. (2007). Guilt and shame: experiences of parents of self-harming adolescents. Journal of Child Health Care, 11(4), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493507082759.
Mokkink, L. B., de Vet, H. C. W., Prinsen, C. A. C., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Bouter, L. M., & Terwee, C. B. (2018). Cosmin risk of bias checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Quality of Life Research, 27(5), 1171–1179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1765-4.
Mokkink, L. B., Terwee, C. B., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Stratford, P. W., Knol, D. L., & Henrica, C. Wd. V. (2010). The cosmin checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international delphi study. Quality of Life Research, 19(4), 539–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-010-9606-8.
Morawska, A., Filus, A., Haslam, D., & Sanders, M. R. (2019). The international parenting survey: rationale, development, and potential applications. Comprehensive child and adolescent nursing, 42(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694193.2017.1384082.
Morawska, A., Sanders, M. R., Haslam, D., Filus, A., & Fletcher, R. (2014). Child adjustment and parent efficacy scale: development and initial validation of a parent report measure. Australian Psychologist, 49(4), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12057.
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2017). Mplus user’s guide. https://www.statmodel.com/download/usersguide/MplusUserGuideVer_8.pdf.
Neece, C. L., Green, S. A., & Baker, B. L. (2012). Parenting stress and child behavior problems: a transactional relationship across time. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 117(1), 48–66. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-117.1.48.
Pescud, M., & Pettigrew, S. (2014). ‘I know it’s wrong, but…’: a qualitative investigation of low-income parents’ feelings of guilt about their child-feeding practices: parents’ guilt-inducing child-feeding practices. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 10(3), 422–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2012.00425.x.
Sanders, M. R., & Morawska, A. (2010). Family background questionnaire. The University of Queensland, Australia: Parenting and Familiy Support Centre.
Sanders, M. R., Morawska, A., Haslam, D. M., Filus, A., & Fletcher, R. (2014). Parenting and family adjustment scales (pafas): validation of a brief parent-report measure for use in assessment of parenting skills and family relationships. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 45(3), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0397-3.
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. von Eye, & C. C. Clogg (Eds), Latent variables analysis: applications for developmental research (pp. 399–419). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
Seagram, S., & Daniluk, J. C. (2002). ‘It goes with the territory’: the meaning and experience of maternal guilt for mothers of preadolescent children. Women & Therapy, 25(1), 61–88. https://doi.org/10.1300/J015v25n01_04.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989x.7.4.422.
Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of cronbach’s alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0.
Tangney, J. P., Miller, R. S., Flicker, L., & Barlow, D. H. (1996). Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1256–1269. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1256.
Tilghman-Osborne, C., Cole, D. A., & Felton, J. W. (2010). Definition and measurement of guilt: Implications for clinical research and practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(5), 536–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.007.
Tucker, M. M., & Kelley, M. L. (2009). Social support and life stress as related to the psychological distress of single enlisted navy mothers. Military Psychology, 21(2), S82–S97. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995600903249198.
van Aar, J., Leijten, P., Orobio de Castro, B., & Overbeek, G. (2017). Sustained, fade-out or sleeper effects? A systematic review and meta-analysis of parenting interventions for disruptive child behavior. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.006.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). The panas-x: manual for the positive & negative affect schedule - expanded form. http://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/watson/PANAS-X.pdf.
Yang, Y., & Green, S. B. (2011). Coefficient alpha: a reliability coefficient for the 21st century? Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 29(4), 377–392. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282911406668.