Euro và Đô la, 1998
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
#Euro #Đô la #đầu tư quốc tế #thị trường tài chính châu Âu #thanh khoản.Tài liệu tham khảo
Adler, Oliver and Kelly Chang (1996) “The Myth of an EMU-Related Reserve Sell-Off.” Union Bank of Switzerland Currency Briefing, pp. 1–23.
Alogoskoufis, George and Richard Portes (1991) “International Costs and Benefits from EMU.” European Economy, Special Edition No. 1, Pt. 5, pp. 231–245.
Alogoskoufis, George and Richard Portes (1992) “European Monetary Union and International Currencies in a Tripolar World.” In Matthew B. Canzoneri, Victorio Grill, and Paul R. Masson (eds.), Establishing a Central Bank: Issues in Europe and Less from the US, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 273–300.
Alogoskoufis, George and Richard Portes (1997) “The Euro, the Dollar and the International Monetary System.” In Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and Bart G. Turtelboom (eds.), EMU and the International Monetary System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 58–89.
Alzola, José Luis (1997) “Euro won't Trigger Drop of Dollar.” Economic and Market Analysis, EMU and the Euro, Salomon Brothers.
Arrowsmith, John and Christopher Taylor (1996) “Unresolved Issues on the Way to a Single Currency.” National Institute of Economic and Social Research, Occasional Paper No. 49.
Artus, Patrick (1996) “A Strong Euro or a Weak Euro.” Document de Travail, Caisse des Dép ôts et Consignations, Service des Études Économiques et Financières, No. 1996-02EI.
Backé, Peter and Isabella Lindner (1996) “European Monetary Union: Prospects for EU Member States and Selected Candidate Countries from Central and Eastern Europe.” Oesterreichische Nationalbank, Focus on Transition 2, 20–40.
Bank for International Settlements (1993) Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange in April 1992. Basle.
Bank for International Settlements (1996a) 66th Annual Report.
Bank for International Settlements (1996b) Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity, 1995, Basle.
Bank for International Settlements (1997a) International Banking and Financial Market Developments, Basle.
Bank for International Settlements (1997b) 67th Annual Report, Basle.
Bank for International Settlements (1997c) Handbook on Central Banks of Central and Eastern Europe. Basle.
Bank for International Settlements (1998) 68th Annual Report, Basle.
Baumol, William J. (1952) “The Transactions Demand for Cash: An Inventory Theoretic Approach.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 66, 545–556.
Begg, David K., Francesco Giavazzi, and Charles Wyplosz (1997) “Options for the Future Exchange Rate Policy of the EMU.” CEPR Occasional Paper No. 17 for the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission. London.
Bénassy-Quéré, Agnès (1996a) “Exchange Rate Regimes and Policies in Asia.” Centre d' études prospectives et d'informations internationales, Document de Travail, No. 96-07.
Bénassy-Quéré, Agnès (1996b) “Potentialities and Opportunities of the Euro as an International Currency.” Economic Papers, European Commission, No. 115.
Bénassy-Quéré, Agnès, Benoit Mojon, and Jean Pisani-Ferry (1997) “The Euro and Exchange Rate Stability.” In Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and Bart G. Turtelboom (eds.), EMU and the International Monetary System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 157–193.
Bénassy-Quéré, Agnès and BenoIt Mojon (1998) “EMU and Transatlantic Exchange Rate Stability.” Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales, Document de Travail, No. 98-02.
Bergsten, C. Fred (1997a) “The Impact of the Euro on Exchange Rates and International Policy Cooperation.” In Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and Bart G. Turtelboom (eds.), EMU and the International Monetary System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 17–48.
Bergsten, C. Fred (1997b) “The Dollar and the Euro.” In James F. Hoge, Jr. (ed.), Foreign Affairs. New York 76(4), 83–95.
Berrigan, John and Hervé Carré (1997) “Exchange Arrangements between the EU and Countries in Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean, and the CFA Zone.” In Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and Bart G. Turtelboom (eds.), EMU and the International Monetary System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 122–135.
Black, Stanley (1991) “Transactions Costs and Vehicle Currencies.” Journal of International Money and Finance. 10, 512–526.
Borensztein, Eduardo and Carmen M. Reinhart (1994) “The Macroeconomic Determinants of Commodity Prices.” IMF Staff Papers, vol. 41, 236–261.
Borio, Claudio E.V. and Robert N. McCauley (1996a) “The Anatomy of the Bond Market Turbulence of 1994.” In Franco Bruni, Donald E. Fair, and Richard O'Brien (eds.), Risk Management in Volatile Financial Markets. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press on behalf of the Société Universitaire Européenne de Recherches Financiéres, pp. 61–84.
Borio, Claudio E.V. and Robert N. McCauley (1996b) The Economics of Recent Bond Yield Volatility. Bank for International Settlements Economic Papers, No. 45.
Branson, William and Dale Henderson (1985) “The Specification and Influence of Asset Markets.” In Ronald W. Jones and Peter B. Kennet (eds.), The Handbook of International Economics, vol. 2, New York: North Holland.
Brookes, Martin (1996) “EMU's Excess Foreign Reserves.” Goldman Sachs EMU Briefing, No. 6, London.
Brown, Brendan (1979) The Dollar/Mark Axis. London: MacMillan.
Brown, Brendan (1989) The Economics of the Swap Market. London: Routledge.
Brown, Brendan (1998) “The New Five-Currency World.” In Tokyo-Mitsubishi International plc, Market Perspectives, pp. 15–17.
Buiter, Willem H., Giancarlo M. Corsetti, and Paolo A. Pesenti (1997) Financial Markets and Internal Monetary Cooperation: The Lessons of the 92-93 ERM Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (forthcoming).
Bulchandani, Ravi (1997) “More on the Euro as a Reserve Currency.” Morgan Stanley Investment Research--U.K. and Europe, Economics EMU Insights, pp. 10–12.
Cantor, Richard and Frank Packer (1996) “Determinants and Impact of Sovereign Credit Ratings.” Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Economic Policy Review 2(2), 37–53.
Chen, Edward K.Y. (President, Lingnan College) (1997) “Hong Kong beyond 1997: Economic and Financial Issues.” Keynote address to the conference “Asia, Europe and America in a New Global Environment: A Challenge to Liberal Visions for the Next Century.” Sponsored by the Friedrich Naumann Foundation in Cooperation with Lignan College, Hong Kong.
Clarida, Richard, Jordi Gali, and Mark Gertler (1997) “Monetary Policy Rules in Practice: Some International Evidence.” Paper Presented to the European Summer Institute, Berlin.
Clarke, Ian and Clive Parry (1997) “EMU--Plan B.” Morgan Stanley Fixed Income portfolio Strategy, EMU Countdown: 682 days to go.
Cohen, Daniel (1997) “How will the Euro Behave?.” In Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and Bart G. Turtelboom (eds.), EMU and the International Monetary System, International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 397–417.
Commission for Economic Issues, Subcommittee on EMU [of Switzerland] (1996) “Switzerland Face to Economic and Monetary Union in Europe.” Report to the Committee for General Economic Policy of the Swiss Federal Council: Summary (in English).
Commission pour les Questions Conjoncturelles, Groupe de Travail UEM [of Switzerland] (1996) “La Suisse et l'Union Économique et Monétaire en Europe: Une Analyse des Aspects Économiques.” Rapport au Département fédéral de l'économie publique. Consensus Economics (1996–1997) Consensus Forecasts.
Dammers, Clifford R. (1997) “Should a Single Currency Mean Harmonisation of Market Conventions?” Presentation to the Government Borrowers' Forum, Dublin.
Davies, Gavyn (1997) “What if EMU were Postponed?.” Goldman Sachs Europe Economics Analyst EMU Briefing, No. 97/05.
de Boissieu, Christian (1996) “Stability in a Multiple Reserve Asset System.” In Michael Mussa, James M. Boughton, and Peter Isard (eds.), The Future of the SDR: In Light of Changes in the International Financial System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 122–144.
De Grauwe, Paul (1996a) “Forward Interest Rates as Predictors of EMU.” Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper, No. 1395.
De Grauwe, Paul (1996b) “Reforming the Transition to EMU.” In Peter B. Kenen (ed.), Making EMU Happen: Problems and Proposals: A Symposium. Princeton Essays in International Finance, No. 199. Princeton University.
De Grauwe, Paul (1997) “Exchange Rate Arrangements Between the Ins and the Outs.” In Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and Bart G. Turtelboom (eds.), EMU and the International Monetary System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 97–118.
Despres, Emile, Charles P. Kindleberger, and Walter Salant (1966) “The Dollar and World Liquidity: A Minority View.” Economist 218(6389), reprinted in Kindleberger (1981), pp. 42–52.
Deutsch, Klaus Günter (1997) “EMU and Reserve Management at European Central Banks-- Consequences and Unanswered Questions.” Deutsche Bank Research, EMU Watch, No. 29.
Deutsche Bundesbank (1991) “The Significance of the Deutsche Mark as an Invoicing Currency in Foreign Trade.” Deutsche Bundesbank, Monthly Report 43(11), 40–44.
Deutsche Bundesbank (1995) “The Circulation of Deutsche Mark Abroad.” Deutsche Bundesbank, Monthly Report 47(7), 65–71.
Deutsche Bundesbank (1997) “The Role of the Deutsche Mark as International Investment and Reserve Currency.” Deutsche Bundesbank, Monthly Report 49(4), 17–30.
“Dispute over ESCB Profits” (1997) Central Banking 6, 7–10.
Domanski, Dietrich and Holger Neuhaus (1996) “Bond Market Volatility in Germany.” Financial Market Volatility, BIS Conference Papers, vol. 1, pp. 113–128.
Dooley, Michael J., Saul Lizondo, and Donald J. Mathieson (1989) “The Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves.” IMF Staff Papers, vol. 36, pp. 385–434.
Dornbusch, Rudiger (1985) “Policy and Performance Links between LDC Debtors and Industrial Nations.” Brookings Papers in Economic Activity 2, 303–368.
Dornbusch, Rudiger, Carlo A. Favero, and Francesco Giavazzi (1998) “Immediate Challenges for the European Central Bank.” Economic Policy 26, 15–64.
Dupont, Dominique and V. Hugo Juan-Ramon (1996) “Real Exchange Rates and Commodity Prices.” International Monetary Fund, Working Paper WP/96/27.
Edison, Hali J. and Linda S. Kole (1994) “European Monetary Arrangements: Implications for the Dollar, Exchange Rate Variability and Credibility.” Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, International Finance Discussion Papers, No. 468.
Eichengreen, Barry (1997) “The Euro as a Reserve Currency.” Paper Presented to the NBER-TCERCEPR Conference on the Future of the International Monetary System. Tokyo, pp. 19–20.
Eichengreen, Barry (1992) “Should the Maastricht Treaty Be Saved?” Princeton Studies in International Finance, No. 74.
Eichengreen, Barry and Tamim Bayoumi (1996) “Is Asia an Optimum Currency Area? Can it become One? Regional, Global and Historical Perspectives on Asian Monetary Relations.” University of California, Berkeley, Department of Economics, Center for International and Development Economics Research Working Paper, No. C96-081.
Eichengreen, Barry and Jeffrey A. Frankel (1996) “Implications of the Future Evolution of the International Monetary System.” In Michael Mussa, James M. Boughton, and Peter Isard (eds.), The Future of the SDR: In Light of Changes in the International Financial System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 337–378.
Emerson, Michael, Daniel Gros, Alexander Italianer, Jean Pisani-Ferry, and Horst Reichenbach (1992) One Market, One Money. Oxford, London.
Ettlin, Franz (1996) “On the Fundamental Determinants of the Swiss Franc Exchange Rate for the D-mark.” The Determination of Long-Term Interest Rates and Exchange Rates and the Role of Expectations, Bank for International Settlements, Conference Papers, vol. 2, pp. 18–27.
European Commission (1997a) “Report of the Consultative Group on the Impact of the Introduction of the Euro on Capital Markets” (“Giovannini” Report). Euro Paper No. 3.
European Commission (1997b) “External Aspects of Economic and Monetary Union.” Commission Staff Working Paper, SEC(97) 803.
European Monetary Institute (1996) Annual Report 1995.
European Monetary Institute (1997) Annual Report 1996.
Frankel, Jeffrey A. (1986) “The Implications of Mean-Variance Optimization for Four Questions in International Macroeconomics.” Journal of International Money and Finance 5, 553–575.
Frankel, Jeffrey A. (1995) “Still the Lingua Franca: The Exaggerated Death of the Dollar.” Foreign Affairs 74(4), 9–16.
Frankel, Jeffrey A. and Shang-Jin Wei (1993) “Trade Blocs and Currency Blocs.” NBER Working Paper No. 4335.
Frankel, Jeffrey A. and Shang-Jin Wei (1994) “Yen Bloc or Dollar Bloc? Exchange Rate Policies of the East Asian Economies.” In Takatoshi Ito and Anne Krueger (eds.), Macroeconomic Linkage: Savings, Exchange Rates, and Capital Flows. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 295–329.
Frenkel, Jacob and Morris Goldstein (1998) “The International Role of the Deutsche Mark.” Fünfzig Jahre Deutsche Mark. Central Bank and Currency in Germany Since 1948. Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt.
Funke, Norbert and Michael Kennedy (1997) “International Economic Implications of the Euro.” OECD Economic Outlook 61, 24–30.
Galati, Gabriele (1998) “The Role of Major Currencies in Emerging Foreign Exchange Markets.” In Bank for International Settlements, International Banking and Financial Market Developments. pp. 34–37.
Galati, Gabriele and Robert N. McCauley (1999) “The Dollar/Mark Polarity and the Euro.” Bank for International Settlements Working Papers (forthcoming).
Garber, Peter M. (1996) “The Use of the Yen as a Reserve Currency.” Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan. Monetary and Economic Studies 14(2), 1–21.
Ghironi, Fabio and Francesco Giavazzi (1997) “Policy Implications of the Size of EMU for Europe and the United States.” In Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and Bart G. Turtelboom (eds.), EMU and the International Monetary System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 421–477.
Giavazzi, Francesco and Alberto Giovannini (1989) Limiting Exchange Rate Flexibility. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
Golden, Chris (1996) “The Effects of EMU on the Major Trade Currencies.” Nomura Fixed Income Research.
Group of Ten Deputies (1993) International Capital Movements and Foreign Exchange Markets. p. 25.
Gros, Daniel and Nils Thygesen (1992) European Monetary Integration. London: Longman.
Hamada, Koichi (1994) “Comment on Yen Bloc or Dollar Bloc?” In Takatoshi Ito and Anne O. Krueger (eds.), Macroeconomic Linkage: Savings, Exchange Rates, and Capital Flows. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 329–333.
Hartmann, Philipp (1996) “The Future of the Euro as an International Currency: A Transactions Perspective.” Centre for European Policy Studies Research Report, No. 20.
Heller, Robert and Malcolm Knight (1978) “Reserve-Currency Preferences of Central Banks,” Essays in International Finance. No. 131, International Finance Section, Princeton University, Princeton.
Hoffman, Ralf and Ulrich Schôder (1997) “The Euro--A Challenge to the Dollar?” Deutsche Bank Research EMU Watch, No. 33.
Honohan, Patrick (1984) “The Break-up of a Currency Union Increases the Demand for Money.” European Economic Review 25(2), 235–238.
Hung, Juann, Charles Pigott, and Anthony Rodrigues (1989) “Financial Implications of the U.S. External Deficit.” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Quarterly Review, vols. 13/14, pp. 33–51.
Icard, André (1996) “Dollar, Deutschemark, Yen, Euro: Qu'est-ce Qu'une Monnaie Internationale?” In André Cartapanis (ed.), Turbulences et spéculations dans l'économie mondiale. Economica, Paris, pp. 175–201.
Illmanen, Antii (1997) “EMU Trades: Insights from Post-1999 Forward Rates.” Economic and Market Analysis, Euro Strategist, Salomon Brothers, pp. 18–22.
Ilzkovitz, Fabienne (1995) “Recent Developments in the International Use of Currencies: Towards a Tripolar Regime?” In ECU Institute (ed.), International Currency Competition and the Future Role of the Single European Currency. London: Kluwer Law, pp. 67–95.
Ilzkovitz, Fabienne (1996) “Prospects for the Internationalisation of the Euro.” European Commission.
International Energy Agency (1996) World Energy Outlook. Paris: IEA.
International Monetary Fund (1997) Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions: Annual Report. International Monetary Fund, Washington.
Issing, Otmar (1996) “Môgliche Auswirkungen der Europäischen Währungsunion auf die internationalen Finanzmärkte.” Speech before the Internationalen Zins-Forum, Frankfurt, in Deutsche Bundesbank, Auszüge aus Presseartikeln, No. 76.
Ito, Takatoshi, Eiji Ogawa, and Yuri Nagataki Sasaki (1997) “How did the Dollar Peg Fail in Asia?” Paper presented at the NBER-TCER-CEPR-TRIO Trilateral Conference on International Monetary Regime in the 21st Century, Tokyo.
Jeanneau, Serge (1995, 1996) “Interest Rate Futures: Characteristics and Market Development.” In Bank for International Settlements, International Banking and Financial Market Developments.
Johnson, Christopher (1996) In with the Euro out with the Pound: The Single Currency for Britain. London: Penguin.
Johnson, Karen H. (1994) “International Dimension of European Monetary Union: Implications for the Dollar.” Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, International Finance Discussion Papers, No. 469.
Kawai, Masahiro and Shigeru Akiyama (1997) “Empirical Analyses of Exchange Rate Arrangements: Changing Influences of theWorld's Major Currencies.” Paper Presented to the NBER-TCER-CEPR Trilateral Conference on International Monetary Regime in the 21st Century, Tokyo.
Keating, Giles (1996) “Forex Reserves after EMU: Ample Dollars.” Economic Research--Europe, Credit Suisse First Boston, London.
Kenen, Peter B. (1983) “The Role of the Dollar as an International Currency.” Group of Thirty Occasional Paper, No. 13, Group of Thirty, New York.
Kenen, Peter B. (1995) Economic and Monetary Union in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kenen, Peter B. (1996) “Sorting Out Some EMU Issues.” International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University, Reprints in International Finance, No. 29.
Kenen, Peter B. (1997) “Preferences, Domains, and Sustainability.” American Economic Review. 87(2), pp. 211–213.
Kindleberger, Charles P. (1965) “Balance-of-payments Deficits and the International Market for Liquidity.” Princeton University Essays in International Finance, No. 46, Princeton University, Princeton.
Kindleberger, Charles P. (1981) International Money. London: George Allen Unwin.
Kindleberger, Charles P. (1985) “The Dollar Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.” Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quaterly Review 155, 295–308.
Kindleberger, Charles P. (1996) World Economic Primacy, 1500–1990. New York: Oxford.
King, Stephen (1996) “European Monetary Union: Four Endings and a Funeral.” HSBC James Capel Economics, 3rd quarter.
Koch, Elmar B. (1997) “Exchange Rates and Monetary Policy in Central Europe.” Most 7, 1–48.
Koo, Richard C. (1992–1996) “Japan and International Capital Flows.” Nomura Research Institute, Presentations to Nomura Central Bank Seminar, Tokyo.
Krugman, Paul (1984) “The International Role of the Dollar: Theory and Prospect.” In John Bilson and Richard Marston (eds.), Exchange Rate Theory and Practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kwan, C.H. (1994) Economic Interdependence in the Asia-Pacific Region: Towards a Yen Bloc. London: Routledge.
Lascelles, David (1996) “The Crash of 2003: An EMU Fairy Tale.” Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation, No. 25, London.
Laxton, Douglas and Eswar Prasad (1997) “Possible Effects of European Monetary Union on Switzerland: A Case Study of Policy Dilemmas Cause by Low Inflation and the Nominal Interest Rate Floor.” International Monetary Fund Working Paper 97/23.
Leahy, Michael P. (1997) “The Dollar as an Official Reserve Currency under EMU.” Open Economies Review 7, 371–390.
Lipsky, John et al. (1996) “Managing Convergence: Market Implications for 1997 and Beyond.” Economic & Market Analysis. Salomon Brothers.
Martin, Philippe (1997) “The Exchange Rate Policy of the Euro: A Matter of Size?” Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 1646.
Masson, Paul R. and Bart G. Turtelboom (1997) “Characteristics of the Euro, the Demand for Reserves, and Policy Coordination under EMU.” In Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and Bart G. Turtelboom (eds.), EMU and the International Monetary System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 194–224.
Mauro, Paolo (1996) “Current Account Surpluses and the Interest Rate Island in Switzerland.” International Monetary Fund Working Paper 95/24.
Maystadt, Philippe (1997) “Implications of EMU for the IMF.” In Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and Bart G. Turtelboom (eds.), EMU and the International Monetary System. International Monetary Fund, Washington, pp. 146–153.
McCauley, Robert N. (1996) “Prospects for an Integrated European Government Bond Market.” Bank for International Settlements International Banking and Financial Market Developments, pp. 28–31.
McCauley, Robert N. (1997) “The Euro and the Dollar.” Bank for International Settlements Working Papers No. 50. Also in International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University Essays in International Finance, No. 205.
McCauley, Robert N. and Will Melick (1996) “Risk Reversal Risk” and “Propensity and Density.” Risk. November and December, pp. 54–57 and pp. 52–54, respectively.
McCauley, Robert N. and William R. White (1997) “The Euro and European Financial Markets.” Bank for International Settlements Working Papers No. 41, also in Paul R. Masson, Thomas H. Krueger, and BartG. Turtelboom (eds.), EMUand the International Monetary System.Washington: International Monetary Fund, pp. 324–388.
McCauley, Robert N. and Stephen Yeaple (1994) “How Lower Japanese Asset Prices Affect Pacific Financial Markets.” Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Quarterly Review 19(1), 19–33.
Monticelli, Carlo and Luca Papi (1996) European Integration, Monetary Co-ordination, and the Demand for Money. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mundell, Robert (1993) “EMU and the International Monetary System.” In Guillermo de la Dehesa Alberto Giovannini, Manual Guitián, and Richard Portes (eds.), The Monetary Future of Europe. Centre for Economic Policy Research, London.
Murray, Stewart, Philip Klapwijk, Hester le Roux, and Paul Walker (1997) Gold 1997. Gold Field Mineral Services Limited, London.
Neumann, Manfred (1998) “The EMU's Exchange Rate Policy” (Deutsch-Franzôsisches Wirtschaftspolitisches Forum/Forum Economique Franco-Allemand). Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung, Bonn University, Policy Paper No. B98-04.
O'Neill, Jim, Andrew Bevan, and Martin Brookes (1996) “Some Thoughts on the Euro.” Goldman Sachs the Weekly Analyst, No. 96/20, London.
Oppers, S. Erik (1995) “Trends in the International Use of the U.S. Dollar.” International Monetary Fund, Washington, unpublished.
Owens, Adrian (1996) “Dollar's Role under Threat.” Julius Baer Investments Limited, London.
Padoa-Schioppa, Tommaso (1985) “Policy Cooperation and the EMS Experience.” In W. Buiter and R. Marston (eds.), International Economic Policy Coordination, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 331–355.
Padoa-Schioppa, Tommaso and F. Saccomanni (1997) “What Role of the SDR in a Market-Led International Monetary System?.” In Michael Mussa, James M. Boughton, and Peter Isard (eds.), The Future of the SDR: In Light of Changes in the International Financial System, International Monetary Fund, Washington.
Parsons, Nick (1996) “The ‘Euro’ and Central Bank Reserves.” EMU Countdown, Paribas Capital Markets International Research, pp. 14–18.
Persaud, Avinash D. (1996) “The EMU Calculator.” JP Morgan, Foreign Exchange Research, London.
Persaud, Avinash D. and Dimitris Dambassinas (1996) “Euro, FX Reserve and Vehicle Currencies: Some Unusual Findings.” JP Morgan Foreign Exchange Research. London, revised.
Piterman, Sylvia (1997) “The Impact of EMU on Reserve Management by Countries outside the Euro Area.” Appendix B to Robert Pringle (ed.), Reserve Management and the Euro. London: Central Banking Publications, pp 32–35.
Porter, Richard D. and Ruth A. Judson (1996) “The Location of U.S. Currency: How Much of it is Abroad?” Federal Reserve Bulletin 82, 883–903.
Portes, Richard and Hélène Rey (1998) “The Emergence of the Euro as an International Currency.” Economic Policy 26, 305–343.
Pringle, Robert (1997) Introduction to Reserve Management and the Euro. London: Central Banking Publications.
Radzyner, Olga and Sandra Riesinger (1996) “Exchange Rate Policy in Transition: Developments and Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe.” Oesterreichische National Bank, Focus on Transition 1, 20–38.
Rogoff, Kenneth (1998) “Blessing or Curse? Foreign and Underground Demand for Euro Notes.” Economic Policy 26, 263–303.
Rother, Phillip (forthcoming) “European Monetary Integration and the Demand for Money.” Journal of International Money and Finance.
Ruskin, Alan (1996) “Euro D-mark. Q.E.D.” I.D.E.A. Occasional Paper, No. 7, London.
Saccomanni, Fabrizio (1996) “Towards ERM2: Managing the Relationship between the Euro and the other Currencies of the European Union.” BNL Quarterly Review, No. 199.
Sachs, Jeffrey D, A. Tornell, and A. Velasco (1996) “Financial Crises in Emerging Markets: The Lessons from 1995.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1, 147–215.
Seth, Rama and Robert N. McCauley (1987) “Financial Consequences of New Asian Surpluses.” Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Quarterly Review 12, 32–44.
Singapore Foreign Exchange Market Committee (1997) Annual Report 1996, Singapore.
Sjaastad, Larry A. and Fabio Scacciavillani (1996) “The Price of Gold and the Exchange Rate.” Journal of International Money and Finance 15(6), 876–897.
Spaventa, Luigi (1996) “Coexisting with the Euro: Prospects and Risks after Verona.” In Peter B. Kenen (ed.), Making EMU Happen: Problems and Proposals: A Symposium. Princeton Essays in International Finance, No. 199.
Stüdemann, Frederick (1997) “Political Pressure ‘Likely to Hit ECB.'” Financial Times.
Svensson, Lars E.O. (1991) “The Simplest Test of Target Zone Credibility.” International Monetary Fund Staff Papers 38(3), 655–665.
Taguchi, Hiroo (1994) “On the Internationalization of the Yen.” In Takatoshi Ito and Anne O. Krueger (eds.), Macroeconomic Linkage: Savings, Exchange Rates, and Capital Flows. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 335–355.
Tavlas, George (1991) International Use of Currencies: The Case of the Deutsche Mark. Essays in International Finance, No. 181, International Finance Section, Princeton University, Princeton.
Tavlas, George and Yazuru Ozeki (1992) “The Internationalization of Currencies: An Appraisal of the Japanese Yen,” International Monetary Fund Occasional Paper No. 90. International Monetary Fund, Washington.
Temperton, Paul (1997) “The Euro, the Yen and the Dollar.” In Paul Temperton (ed.), The Euro. Chichester: Wiley, pp. 160–171.
Thorat, Usha (1997) “Purposes of Reserve Management.” Appendix A to Reserve Management and the Euro, London: Central Banking Publications, pp. 27–31.
Thorpe, Jacqueline et al. (1997) “Could Euro Bonds Rival the U.S. Market?.” In Ruth Pitchford and Adam Cox (eds.), EMU Explained: Markets and Monetary Union. London: Reuters, pp. 176–198.
Thygesen, Niels et al. (1995) “The Implications for the International Monetary System of EMU with the ECU as its Single Currency.” In ECU Institute (ed.), International Currency Competition and the Future Role of the Single European Currency, London: Kluwer Law, pp. 117–136.
Triffin, Robert (1960) Gold and the Dollar Crisis. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Triffin, Robert (1973) “The Role of a Developing European Monetary Union in a Reformed World Monetary System.” In Alexander K. Swoboda (ed.), Europe and the Evolution of the International Monetary System. A.W. Sijthoff for Institut Universitaire de Hautes Études Internationales, Geneva, pp. 69–80.
Ueda, Kazuo (1994) “Comment on ‘On the Internationalisation of the Japanese Yen.’ ” In Takatoshi Ito and Anne O. Krueger (eds.), Macroeconomic Linkage: Savings, Exchange Rates, and Capital Flows. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 355–356.
US Treasury (1997) Treasury Bulletin.
von Hagen, Jürgen (1989) “Monetary Targeting with Exchange Rate Constraints: The Bundesbank in the 1980s.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review 71(5), 53–69.
White, William R. (1998) “The Coming Transformation of Continental European Banking?” Bank for International Settlements Working Papers No. 54. Basle.
Williamson, John (1996) “The Case for a Common Basket Peg for East Asian Countries.” Paper presented to Centre d'Études Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales (CEPII)/Association for the Monetary Union of Europe (AMUE)/Korean Institute of Finance (KIF) Conference on “Exchange Rate Policies in Emerging Asian Countries”, Seoul, Korea.
Wren-Lewis, Simon, Rebecca Driver et al. (1998) “Real Exchange Rates for the Year 2000.” Policy Analyses in International Economics. Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC.
Yam, Joseph (1996) “Hong Kong's Monetary Scene: Myths and Realities.” Speech before Bank of England Seminar, London, Hong Kong's Monetary Arrangements Through 1997, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Hong Kong, pp. 11–20.
Zettelmeyer, Jeromin (1997) “EMU and Long Interest Rates in Germany.” In Paul J.J. Welfens (ed.), European Monetary Union: Transition, International Impact and Policy Options. Berlin: Springer, pp. 13–58.