The Effects of Prenatal Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Preterm Birth and Neonatal Outcomes

Al‐Delaimy, 2002, Is the hair nicotine level a more accurate biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure than urine cotinine?, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56, 66, 10.1136/jech.56.1.66

Ananth, 2006, Maternal‐fetal conditions necessitating a medical intervention resulting in preterm birth, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 195, 1557, 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.05.021

Ashford, 2010, Measuring prenatal secondhand smoke exposure in mother‐baby couplets, Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 12, 127, 10.1093/ntr/ntp185

Behrman, 2007

Benowitz, 1999, Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure, Environmental Health Perspectives, 107, 349, 10.1289/ehp.99107s2349

Bernert, 2005, Use of cotinine immunoassay test strips for preclassifying urine samples from smokers and nonsmokers prior to analysis by LC‐MS‐MS, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 29, 814, 10.1093/jat/29.8.814

Bottorff, 2000, Narratives of smoking relapse, Research in Nursing and Health, 23, 126, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(200004)23:2<126::AID-NUR5>3.0.CO;2-2

2004, Smoking during pregnancy—United States, 1990‐2002, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53, 911

2006

Chan, 2004, Recent developments in meconium and hair testing methods for the confirmation of gestational exposures to alcohol and tobacco smoke, Clinical Biochemistry, 37, 429, 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.01.010

DeLorenze, 2002, Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pregnant women, Environmental Research, 90, 21, 10.1006/enrs.2001.4380

Dukic, 2009, Calibrating self‐reported measures of maternal smoking in pregnancy via bioassays using a Monte Carlo approach, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6, 1744, 10.3390/ijerph6061744

Eliopoulos, 1994, Hair concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in women and their newborn infants, Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, 621, 10.1001/jama.1994.03510320061031

Fantuzzi, 2007, Preterm delivery and exposure to active and passive smoking during pregnancy, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 21, 194, 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00815.x

Fantuzzi, 2008, Exposure to active and passive smoking during pregnancy and severe small for gestational age at term, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 21, 643, 10.1080/14767050802203744

Fingerhut, 1990, Smoking before, during, and after pregnancy, American Journal of Public Health, 80, 541, 10.2105/AJPH.80.5.541

Goel, 2004, Effects of passive smoking on outcome in pregnancy, Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 50, 12

Hahn, 2006, Effects of a smoke‐free law on hair nicotine and respiratory symptoms of restaurant and bar workers, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48, 906, 10.1097/01.jom.0000215709.09305.01

Hajek, 2001, Randomized controlled trial of a midwife‐delivered brief smoking cessation intervention in pregnancy, Addiction, 96, 485, 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96348511.x

Hegaard, 2006, The effect of environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy on birth weight, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 85, 675, 10.1080/00016340600607032

Higgins, 2007, Biochemical verification of smoking status in pregnant and recently postpartum women, Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15, 58, 10.1037/1064-1297.15.1.58

Jaakkola, 2001, Fetal growth and length of gestation in relation to prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke assessed by hair nicotine concentration, Environmental Health Perspectives, 109, 557, 10.1289/ehp.01109557

Jaakkola, 1997, Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, European Respiratory Journal, 10, 2384, 10.1183/09031936.97.10102384

Jacqz‐Aigrain, 2002, Maternal smoking during pregnancy and nicotine and cotinine concentrations in maternal and neonatal hair, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 109, 909, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01322.x

Jauniaux, 1999, Maternal tobacco exposure and cotinine levels in fetal fluids in the first half of pregnancy, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 93, 25

Jedrychowski, 2004, Estimated risk for altered fetal growth resulting from exposure to fine particles during pregnancy, Environmental Health Perspectives, 112, 1398, 10.1289/ehp.7065

Jedrychowski, 2009, Fetal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke assessed by maternal self‐reports and cord blood cotinine, Maternal and Child Health Journal, 13, 415, 10.1007/s10995-008-0350-4

Johnson, 2000, Preventing smoking relapse in postpartum women, Nursing Research, 49, 44, 10.1097/00006199-200001000-00007

Kaufman, 2002, Estimation of environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy using a single question on household smokers versus serum cotinine, Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 12, 286, 10.1038/sj.jea.7500224

Kharrazi, 2004, Environmental tobacco smoke and pregnancy outcome, Epidemiology, 15, 660, 10.1097/01.ede.0000142137.39619.60

Klein, 1999, Hair analysis—A biological marker for passive smoking in pregnancy and childhood, Human and Experimental Toxicology, 18, 279, 10.1191/096032799678840048

Lambers, 1996, The maternal and fetal physiologic effects of nicotine, Seminars in Perinatology, 20, 115, 10.1016/S0146-0005(96)80079-6

Leonardi‐Bee, 2008, Environmental tobacco smoke and fetal health, Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 93, F351, 10.1136/adc.2007.133553

Liu, 2009, A meta‐analysis on the association between maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and small‐for‐gestational‐age infants, Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 30, 68

Mahoney, 2001, Measurement of nicotine in hair by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, Journal of Chromatography B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 753, 179, 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)00540-5

Martin, 2007

McBride, 1999, Prevention of relapse in women who quit smoking during pregnancy, American Journal of Public Health, 89, 706, 10.2105/AJPH.89.5.706

McBride, 2003, Understanding the potential of teachable moments, Health Education Research, 18, 156, 10.1093/her/18.2.156

Nafstad, 1998, Nicotine concentration in the hair of nonsmoking mothers and size of offspring, American Journal of Public Health, 88, 120, 10.2105/AJPH.88.1.120

2007

Okoli, 2007, Measuring tobacco smoke exposure among smoking and nonsmoking bar and restaurant workers, Biological Research for Nursing, 9, 81, 10.1177/1099800407300852

Peacock, 1998, Maternal cotinine level during pregnancy and birthweight for gestational age, International Journal of Epidemiology, 27, 647, 10.1093/ije/27.4.647

Pichini, 2000, Cord serum cotinine as a biomarker of fetal exposure to cigarette smoke at the end of pregnancy, Environmental Health Perspectives, 108, 1079, 10.1289/ehp.001081079

Pichini, 2003, Assessment of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke and its change during pregnancy by segmental analysis of maternal hair nicotine, Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 13, 144, 10.1038/sj.jea.7500264

Sastry, 1998, Formation and retention of cotinine during placental transfer of nicotine in human placental cotyledon, Pharmacology, 57, 104, 10.1159/000028231

Sorensen, 2007, Biomarkers of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in infants, Biomarkers: Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response, and Susceptibility to Chemicals, 12, 38, 10.1080/13547500600943148

Tsui, 2008, Prenatal smoking exposure and neonatal DNA damage in relation to birth outcomes, Pediatric Research, 64, 131, 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181799535

2006

2006

Van't Hof, 2000, Randomised controlled trial of a postpartum relapse prevention intervention, Tobacco Control, 9, 64

Ward, 2007, Prevalence of maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and impact on birth weight, BMC Public Health, 7, 81, 10.1186/1471-2458-7-81

Webb, 2003, The discrepancy between self‐reported smoking status and urine continine levels among women enrolled in prenatal care at four publicly funded clinical sites, Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 9, 322, 10.1097/00124784-200307000-00011

Wilcox, 1992, Birth weight and perinatal mortality, American Journal of Public Health, 82, 378, 10.2105/AJPH.82.3.378

Windham, 2000, Prenatal active or passive tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of preterm delivery or low birth weight, Epidemiology, 11, 427, 10.1097/00001648-200007000-00011

Zahlsen, 1994, Nicotine in hair of smokers and non‐smokers, Pharmacology and Toxicology, 75, 143, 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1994.tb00337.x