The Effect of a Superabsorbent and Biochar on Some Physical and Hydraulic Properties of Two Arable Sandy Loam and Clay Loam Soils
Tóm tắt
Biochar and superabsorbents are used to improve a wide range of soil properties, including water holding capacity and nutrient retention. In this research, the effect of adding biochar and a superabsorbent on some of the physical properties of two arable soil types (a sandy loam and a clay loam soil) was studied. A greenhouse experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with three replications. Three levels of AquaSorb superabsorbent including zero (control), 5, and 10 g kg−1 soil, and three levels of walnut shell biochar including zero (control), 10, and 20 g kg−1 soil were used. The AquaSorb and biochar treatments were applied independently. Soil properties that included bulk density (ρb), particle density (ρs), porosity (f), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), residual moisture (θr), saturated moisture (θs), moisture curve coefficient (α), moisture curve slope (n), field capacity (θfc), permanent wilting point (θpwp), and total available water (TAW) were measured after one and six irrigations. The use of 10 g of superabsorbent and 20 g of biochar per kilogram of soil had the greatest effect on the physical properties of both tested soils. Addition of 10 g of superabsorbent per kilogram of sandy loam soil decreased ρb by 22.7% and increased f, Ks, θs, θfc, and θpwp parameters by 28.9, 533.3, 16.3, 30.43, and 50.0%, respectively, and in clay loam soil, decreased ρb by 25.9% and increased the other parameters mentioned by 22.6, 155.6, 26.1, 44.8, and 46.2%, respectively. Addition of 20 g of biochar per kilogram of clay loam soil increased Ks, θs, and θpwp parameters by 33.3, 10.9, and 23.1%, respectively, and had no significant effect on other properties of this soil and sandy loam soil. The application of the superabsorbent and biochar in the studied soils had the greatest effect on Ks and θpwp.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abdallah AM (2019) The effect of hydrogel particle size on water retention properties and availability under water stress. Int Soil Water Conserv Res 7:275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2019.05.001
Ahmadi K, Ebadzadeh HR, Hatami F, Mohammadnia Afroozi S, Abbas Taghani R, Yari S, Kalantari MS (2021) Agricultural statistics of 2020, Volume 3: Horticultural products. Ministry of Jihad Agriculture of Iran, Tehran, Iran
Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Italy, Rome
ASTM D-14 (2014) Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. D854
Blake GR (2015) Bulk density. In: Methods of soil analysis: Part 1 Physical and mineralogical properties, including statistics of measurement and sampling, 9.1. Am Soc Agro Inc., pp 374–390
Burrell LD, Zehetner F, Rampazzo N, Wimmer B, Soja G (2016) Long-term effects of biochar on soil physical properties. Geoderma 282:96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.07.019
Carvalho MTM, Madari BE, Bastiaans L, van Oort PAJ, Leal WGO, Heinemann AB, da Silva MAS, Maia AHN, Parsons D, Meinke H (2016) Properties of a clay soil from 1.5 to 3.5years after biochar application and the impact on rice yield. Geoderma 276:7–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.04.013
Ekebafe L, Ogbeifun D, Okieimen F (2011) Polymer applications in agriculture. Biokemistri 23:81–89
Eubeler JP, Bernhard M, Knepper TP (2010) Environmental biodegradation of synthetic polymers II. Biodegradation of different polymer groups. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 29:84–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2009.09.005
FAOSTAT (2021) http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL
Githinji L (2014) Effect of biochar application rate on soil physical and hydraulic properties of a sandy loam. Arch Agron Soil Sci 60:457–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2013.821698
Głąb T, Palmowska J, Zaleski T, Gondek K (2016) Effect of biochar application on soil hydrological properties and physical quality of sandy soil. Geoderma 281:11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.06.028
Han Y, Yu X, Yang P, Li B, Xu L, Wang C (2013) Dynamic study on water diffusivity of soil with super-absorbent polymer application. Environ Earth Sci 69:289–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1956-9
Horton R, Thompson ML, McBride JF (1988) Determination of effective porosity of soil materials
Y Khodarahmi S BoroomandNasab Soltani mohamadi A, Naseri A, 2019 Evaluation and comparison of modified hydrochar and superabsorbent on some of physical and chemical properties soil Iran J Irrig Drain 13 500 511
Koopaee JA, Sohrab F (2004) Evaluating the application of superabsorbent polymers on soil water capacity and potential on three soil textures. Iran J Polym Sci Technol 17:163–173. https://doi.org/10.22063/jipst.2004.458
Liao R, Wu W, Ren S, Yang P (2016) Effects of superabsorbent polymers on the hydraulic parameters and water retention properties of soil. J Nanomater 2016:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5403976
Lim TJ, Spokas KA, Feyereisen G, Novak JM (2016) Predicting the impact of biochar additions on soil hydraulic properties. Chemosphere 142:136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.069
Manyà JJ (2012) Pyrolysis for biochar purposes: a review to establish current knowledge gaps and research needs. Environ Sci Technol 46:7939–7954. https://doi.org/10.1021/es301029g
Mohammadi Torkashvand A, Sedaghat Hoor S, Jamalpour H (2016) Effects of some organic matter and an artificial moisture absorbent on soil available water, delay of permanent wilting point and the growth of Lysimachia Nummularia cv. Aurea. J Water Soil Sci 20:87–99. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jstnar.20.75.87
Mohawesh O, Durner W (2019) Effects of bentonite, hydrogel and biochar amendments on soil hydraulic properties from saturation to oven dryness. Pedosphere 29:598–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60426-0
Nik Ravesh I, Boroomandnasab S, Naseri AA, Mohammadi AS (2018) Investigating the effect of wheat straw biochar and hydrochar on physical properties of a sandy loam soil. J Water Soil (Agricultural Sci Technol ) 58:387–397. https://doi.org/10.22067/jsw.v32i2.70445
M Nowroozi S Tabatabaei hassan, Nouri MR, Motaghian HR, 2017 Short-term effects of biochar produced from date palm’s leaves on moisture retention in sandy loam soil J Soil Water Resour Conserv 6 137 150
Obia A, Mulder J, Martinsen V, Cornelissen G, Børresen T (2016) In situ effects of biochar on aggregation, water retention and porosity in light-textured tropical soils. Soil Tillage Res 155:35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.08.002
Ojeda G, Mattana S, Àvila A, Alcañiz JM, Volkmann M, Bachmann J (2015) Are soil–water functions affected by biochar application? Geoderma 249–250:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.02.014
Razzaghi F, Rezaie N (2017) Effects of different levels of biochar on soil physical properties with different textures. J Soil Water Resour Conserv 7:75–88
Sarcheshmehpour M, Farpoor MH, Sarmast M (2020) Effect of polymers on soil moisture content and some growth characteristics of corn plant under drought stress. Electron J Soil Manag Sustain Prod 9:133–152. https://doi.org/10.22069/ejsms.2020.15953.1853
Shokouhi far M, Broomand nasab S, Soltani Mohammadi A, Hooshmand A rahim (2016) The effect of salinity of irrigation water and super absorbent polymer on some hydraulic and physical properties of sandy loam soil. Irrig Sci Eng 39:101–113. https://doi.org/10.22055/jise.2016.12115
A SoltaniMohammadi Y Khodarahmi boroomand nasab S, Nasseri AA, 2019 Evaluation of modified biochar and zeolite effect on some physical and chemical properties of loamy soil J Soil Water Resour Conserv 8 87 102
Stibinger J (2014) Examples of determining the hydraulic conductivity of soils. J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí n, Labem, Faculty of the Environment
Tammeorg P, Bastos AC, Jeffery S et al (2017) Biochars in soils: towards the required level of scientific understanding. J Environ Eng Landsc Manag 25:192–207. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1239582
van Genuchten MT (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44:892–898. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x
van Genuchten MT, Simunek J, Leij FJ, Sejna M (1998) RETC, version 6.0, Code for quantifying the hydraulic functions of unsaturated soils. USDA-ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA
Werdin J, Fletcher TD, Rayner JP, Williams NSG, Farrell C (2020) Biochar made from low density wood has greater plant available water than biochar made from high density wood. Sci Total Environ 705:135856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135856
Yazdanpanahi A, Ahmadaali K, Zare S, Jafari M (2019) The effect of two different biochars on the soil physical properties affecting irrigation management in desert regions. Iran J Soil Water Res 50:965–975. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijswr.2019.266029.668011
Zhang A, Bian R, Pan G, Cui L, Hussain Q, Li L, Zheng J, Zheng J, Zhang X, Han X, Yu X (2012) Effects of biochar amendment on soil quality, crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a Chinese rice paddy: a field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles. F Crop Res 127:153–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.020
Zhao W, Cao T, Dou P, Sheng J, Luo M (2019) Effect of various concentrations of superabsorbent polymers on soil particle-size distribution and evaporation with sand mulching. Sci Rep 9:3511. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39412-x