The Effect of Levobupivacaine and Bupivacaine on QT, Corrected QT (Qtc), and P Wave Dispersions in Cesarean Section

Hancı, 2010, An evaluation of P-wave dispersion QT, corrected QT and corrected QT dispersion intervals on the electrocardiograms of malnourished adults, Anaesth Intensive Care, 38, 122, 10.1177/0310057X1003800120 Akcay, 2004, Sevofl oran ile yapılan VİMA ve bupivakainle yapılan spinal anestezi yontemlerinin QT dispersiyonuna olan etkilerinin karşılaştırılması, Turkiye Klinikleri J Anest Reanim, 2, 137 Emmanuel, 2005, Arrhythmias and Pregnancy. Cardiology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece. Hell J Cardiol, 46, 317 Wee MY - Brown, 2005, The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for Caesarean sections: implications for the anesthetist, Int J Obstet Anesth, 14, 147, 10.1016/j.ijoa.2004.09.008 Gori, 2007, Maternal and neonatal outcome after Cesarean section: the impact of anesthesia, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 20, 53, 10.1080/14767050601134645 Paech, 2002, Anesthesia for Cesarean Section, 82 Zi-gang, 2006, Effects of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine on rat myometrium, J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 7, 757, 10.1631/jzus.2006.B0757 Leone, 2008, Pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical use of new long acting local anesthetics, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine, Acta Biomed, 79, 92 Sen, 2006, The effects of spinal anesthesia on QT interval in preeclamptic patients, Anesth Analg, 103, 1250, 10.1213/01.ane.0000247965.41868.da Owczuk, 2005, Infl uence of spinal anesthesia on corrected QT interval, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 30, 548, 10.1097/00115550-200511000-00008 Udelsmann, 2008, Hemodynamic effects of local anesthetics intoxication: experimental study in swine with levobupivacaine and bupivacaine, Acta Cir Bras, 23, 55, 10.1590/S0102-86502008000100010 Benumof, 1999, Anesthesia and perioperative complications, Second edition, 50 Youngs, 2000, Arrhythmias during spinal anesthesia, Can J Anaesth, 47, 385, 10.1007/BF03018964 Shen, 2000, Arrhythmias during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section, Can J Anaesth, 47, 393, 10.1007/BF03018966 Alley, 2002, Hyperbaric spinal levobupivacaine: a comparison to racemic bupivacaine in volunteers, Anesth Analg, 94, 188, 10.1213/00000539-200201000-00036 Pedroviejo Saez, 2011, Intradural anesthesia for emergency cesarean section in a woman with congenital long QT syndrome, Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim, 58, 189 Palkar, 1986, Spinal anaesthesia in prolonged Q-T interval syndrome, Br J Anaesth, 58, 575, 10.1093/bja/58.5.575 Al-Refai, 2004, Spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section in a parturient with long QT syndrome, Can J Anaesth, 51, 993, 10.1007/BF03018486 Kameyama, 2004, Anesthetic management of caesarean section in a patient with asymptomatic idiopathic prolonged QT interval syndrome, Eur J Anaesthesiol, 21, 566 Owczuk R, Steffek M, Wujtewicz MA Infl uence of reversible adrenergic blockade of the heart obtained through thoracic epidural anaesthesia on cardiac repolarisation effects on cardiac repolarisation of reversible adrenergic blockade through thoracic epidural anaesthesia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 [in press]. Available at: [http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Infl uencereversible- adrenergic-blockade-heart/19298541.html]. Lechmanova, 2002, QT dispersion and T-loop morphology in late pregnancy and after delivery, Physiol Res, 51, 121 Kazanci, 2009, A comparison of the effects of desfl urane, sevofl urane and propofol on QT, QTc, and P dispersion on ECG, Ann Card Anaesth, 12, 107, 10.4103/0971-9784.51361 Owczuk, 2008, Effect of anaesthetic agents on p-wave dispersion on the electrocardiogram: comparison of propofol and desfl urane, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 35, 1071, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04963.x Hanci, 2010, Anesthesia induction with sevofl urane and propofol: evaluation of P-wave dispersion QT and corrected QT intervals, Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 26, 470, 10.1016/S1607-551X(10)70074-7 Ozmen, 2006, P-wave dispersion is increased in pregnancy due to shortening of minimum duration of P: does this have clinical signifi cance, J Int Med Res, 34, 468, 10.1177/147323000603400503 Dilaveris, 2001, P-wave dispersion: a novel predictor of paroxysmal atrial fi brillation, Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol, 6, 159, 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2001.tb00101.x Ciaroni, 2000, Clinical study to investigate the predictive parameters for the onset of atrial fi brillation in patients with essential hypertension, Am Heart J, 139, 814, 10.1016/S0002-8703(00)90012-7 Dilaveris, 2001, P-wave duration and dispersion analysis: methodological considerations, Circulation, 29, E111 Hancı, 2010, An evaluation of P-wave dispersion QT, corrected QT and corrected QT dispersion intervals on the electrocardiograms of malnourished adults, Anaesth Intensive Care, 38, 122, 10.1177/0310057X1003800120 Akcay, 2004, Sevofl oran ile yapılan VİMA ve bupivakainle yapılan spinal anestezi yontemlerinin QT dispersiyonuna olan etkilerinin karşılaştırılması, Turkiye Klinikleri J Anest Reanim, 2, 137 Emmanuel, 2005, Arrhythmias and Pregnancy. Cardiology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece. Hell J Cardiol, 46, 317 Wee MY - Brown, 2005, The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for Caesarean sections: implications for the anesthetist, Int J Obstet Anesth, 14, 147, 10.1016/j.ijoa.2004.09.008 Gori, 2007, Maternal and neonatal outcome after Cesarean section: the impact of anesthesia, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 20, 53, 10.1080/14767050601134645 Paech, 2002, Anesthesia for Cesarean Section, 82 Zi-gang, 2006, Effects of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine on rat myometrium, J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 7, 757, 10.1631/jzus.2006.B0757 Leone, 2008, Pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical use of new long acting local anesthetics, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine, Acta Biomed, 79, 92 Sen, 2006, The effects of spinal anesthesia on QT interval in preeclamptic patients, Anesth Analg, 103, 1250, 10.1213/01.ane.0000247965.41868.da Owczuk, 2005, Infl uence of spinal anesthesia on corrected QT interval, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 30, 548, 10.1097/00115550-200511000-00008 Udelsmann, 2008, Hemodynamic effects of local anesthetics intoxication: experimental study in swine with levobupivacaine and bupivacaine, Acta Cir Bras, 23, 55, 10.1590/S0102-86502008000100010 Benumof, 1999, Anesthesia and perioperative complications, Second edition, 50 Youngs, 2000, Arrhythmias during spinal anesthesia, Can J Anaesth, 47, 385, 10.1007/BF03018964 Shen, 2000, Arrhythmias during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section, Can J Anaesth, 47, 393, 10.1007/BF03018966 Alley, 2002, Hyperbaric spinal levobupivacaine: a comparison to racemic bupivacaine in volunteers, Anesth Analg, 94, 188, 10.1213/00000539-200201000-00036 Pedroviejo Saez, 2011, Intradural anesthesia for emergency cesarean section in a woman with congenital long QT syndrome, Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim, 58, 189 Palkar, 1986, Spinal anaesthesia in prolonged Q-T interval syndrome, Br J Anaesth, 58, 575, 10.1093/bja/58.5.575 Al-Refai, 2004, Spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section in a parturient with long QT syndrome, Can J Anaesth, 51, 993, 10.1007/BF03018486 Kameyama, 2004, Anesthetic management of caesarean section in a patient with asymptomatic idiopathic prolonged QT interval syndrome, Eur J Anaesthesiol, 21, 566 Owczuk R, Steffek M, Wujtewicz MA Infl uence of reversible adrenergic blockade of the heart obtained through thoracic epidural anaesthesia on cardiac repolarisation effects on cardiac repolarisation of reversible adrenergic blockade through thoracic epidural anaesthesia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 [in press]. Available at: [http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Infl uencereversible- adrenergic-blockade-heart/19298541.html]. Lechmanova, 2002, QT dispersion and T-loop morphology in late pregnancy and after delivery, Physiol Res, 51, 121 Kazanci, 2009, A comparison of the effects of desfl urane, sevofl urane and propofol on QT, QTc, and P dispersion on ECG, Ann Card Anaesth, 12, 107, 10.4103/0971-9784.51361 Owczuk, 2008, Effect of anaesthetic agents on p-wave dispersion on the electrocardiogram: comparison of propofol and desfl urane, Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 35, 1071, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04963.x Hanci, 2010, Anesthesia induction with sevofl urane and propofol: evaluation of P-wave dispersion QT and corrected QT intervals, Kaohsiung J Med Sci, 26, 470, 10.1016/S1607-551X(10)70074-7 Ozmen, 2006, P-wave dispersion is increased in pregnancy due to shortening of minimum duration of P: does this have clinical signifi cance, J Int Med Res, 34, 468, 10.1177/147323000603400503 Dilaveris, 2001, P-wave dispersion: a novel predictor of paroxysmal atrial fi brillation, Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol, 6, 159, 10.1111/j.1542-474X.2001.tb00101.x Ciaroni, 2000, Clinical study to investigate the predictive parameters for the onset of atrial fi brillation in patients with essential hypertension, Am Heart J, 139, 814, 10.1016/S0002-8703(00)90012-7 Dilaveris, 2001, P-wave duration and dispersion analysis: methodological considerations, Circulation, 29, E111, 10.1161/01.CIR.103.21.e111