Tác động của phẫu thuật đường tiêu hóa đến độ nhạy insulin và sự tiết insulin

Current Atherosclerosis Reports - Tập 14 - Trang 624-630 - 2012
Marco Castagneto1, Geltrude Mingrone2
1Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Tóm tắt

Diabesity là một thuật ngữ thường được sử dụng để chỉ mối liên hệ giữa đái tháo đường type 2 (T2DM) với béo phì; tần suất mắc cả hai tình trạng này đang gia tăng nhanh chóng trên toàn thế giới và đã đạt tới mức độ dịch tễ. Độ nhạy insulin là yếu tố quan trọng nhất quyết định T2DM, điều này thể hiện rõ khi xảy ra tình trạng suy giảm tương đối chức năng tế bào β, khiến cho sự tiết insulin không còn đủ để bù đắp cho độ nhạy insulin bị kháng. Trong những năm gần đây, phẫu thuật tiêu hóa đã nổi lên như một lựa chọn hiệu quả nhất để điều trị béo phì và tiểu đường, với bằng chứng cấp độ 1 về sự thuyên giảm của bệnh tiểu đường. Các phẫu thuật hạn chế dạ dày như băng dạ dày có thể cải thiện độ nhạy insulin tỷ lệ thuận với việc giảm cân, trong khi các thủ thuật phẫu thuật bắc cầu tiêu hóa, chẳng hạn như phẫu thuật bắc cầu dạ dày roux-en-y (RYGB) và phân ly mật tụy (BPD), có thể cải thiện cân bằng glucose ngay cả trước khi đạt được mức giảm cân đáng kể, cho thấy các cơ chế tác động không phụ thuộc vào trọng lượng. Các nghiên cứu so sánh RYGB với BPD cho thấy RYGB chủ yếu cải thiện sự tiết insulin và giảm lượng glucose ở gan, trong khi BPD nhanh chóng cải thiện mức đường huyết chủ yếu thông qua việc bình thường hóa độ nhạy insulin. Xét thấy rằng BPD có đoạn bắc cầu qua ruột non gần hơn so với RYGB, các dữ liệu này gợi ý rằng việc loại trừ một đoạn dài hơn của ruột non khỏi quá trình tiêu hóa có thể gây ra ảnh hưởng sâu rộng hơn đối với độ nhạy insulin.

Từ khóa

#Diabesity #đái tháo đường type 2 #béo phì #phẫu thuật đường tiêu hóa #tiết insulin #độ nhạy insulin

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