The Effect of Dementia on Medication Use and Adherence Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Chronic Heart Failure

Lloyd-Jones, 2010, Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics—2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association, Circulation, 121, 948, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192666 Kannel, 2000, Incidence and epidemiology of heart failure, Heart Fail Rev, 5, 167, 10.1023/A:1009884820941 Liao, 2008, Economic burden of heart failure in the elderly, Pharmacoeconomics, 26, 447, 10.2165/00019053-200826060-00001 Massie, 1997, Evolving trends in the epidemiologic factors of heart failure: rationale for preventive strategies and comprehensive disease management, Am Heart J, 133, 703, 10.1016/S0002-8703(97)70173-X Croft, 1997, National trends in the initial hospitalization for heart failure, J Am Geriatr Soc, 45, 270, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb00939.x Bindman, 1995, Preventable hospitalizations and access to health care, JAMA, 274, 305, 10.1001/jama.1995.03530040033037 Carter, 2006, ED visits by older adults for ambulatory care-sensitive and supply-sensitive conditions, Am J Emerg Med, 24, 428, 10.1016/j.ajem.2005.12.012 Hunt, 2005, Circulation, 112, e154, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 Masoudi, 2003, Polypharmacy and comorbidity in heart failure, BMJ, 327, 513, 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.513 Marengoni, 2009, Patterns of chronic multimorbidity in the elderly population, J Am Geriatr Soc, 57, 225, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02109.x Bynum, 2004, The relationship between a dementia diagnosis, chronic illness, Medicare expenditures, and hospital use, J Am Geriatr Soc, 52, 187, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52054.x Lopponen, 2006, Dementia associates with undermedication of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly: a population-based study, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 22, 132, 10.1159/000093739 Klarin, 2006, The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and other drugs with cardiovascular effects by non-demented and demented elderly with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 62, 555, 10.1007/s00228-006-0134-y Hill, 2002, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias increase costs of comorbidities in managed Medicare, Neurology, 58, 62, 10.1212/WNL.58.1.62 2009 Taylor, 2002, The accuracy of Medicare claims data in identifying Alzheimer's disease, J Clin Epidemiol, 55, 929, 10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00452-3 Erhardt, 1995, Fosinopril attenuates clinical deterioration and improves exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure, Eur Heart J, 16, 1892, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060844 1991, Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure, N Engl J Med, 325, 293, 10.1056/NEJM199108013250501 1987, Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure, N Engl J Med, 316, 1429, 10.1056/NEJM198706043162301 Granger, 2003, Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial, Lancet, 362, 772, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14284-5 Cohn, 2001, A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure, N Engl J Med, 345, 1667, 10.1056/NEJMoa010713 Pitt, 2005, Eplerenone reduces mortality 30 days after randomization following acute myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure, J Am Coll Cardiol, 46, 425, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.04.038 Pitt, 1999, The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure, N Engl J Med, 341, 709, 10.1056/NEJM199909023411001 1999, The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial, Lancet, 353, 9, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11181-9 Hjalmarson, 2000, Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF), JAMA, 283, 1295, 10.1001/jama.283.10.1295 1999, Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure, Lancet, 353, 2001, 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04440-2 Packer, 1996, The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure, N Engl J Med, 334, 1349, 10.1056/NEJM199605233342101 Packer, 2001, Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure, N Engl J Med, 344, 1651, 10.1056/NEJM200105313442201 Cohn, 1986, Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure, N Engl J Med, 314, 1547, 10.1056/NEJM198606123142404 Cohn, 1991, A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure, N Engl J Med, 325, 303, 10.1056/NEJM199108013250502 Loeb, 1993, Effect of enalapril, hydralazine plus isosorbide dinitrate, and prazosin on hospitalization in patients with chronic congestive heart failure, Circulation, 87, VI78 de Vries, 2000, Efficacy and safety of calcium channel blockers in heart failure: focus on recent trials with second-generation dihydropyridines, Am Heart J, 139, 185, 10.1067/mhj.2000.101490 Zuckerman, 2007, Validation of a method for identifying nursing home admissions using administrative claims, BMC Health Serv Res, 7, 202, 10.1186/1472-6963-7-202 Koroukian, 2008, Ability of Medicare claims data to identify nursing home patients: a validation study, Med Care, 46, 1184, 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31817925d2 Zou, 2004, A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data, Am J Epidemiol, 159, 702, 10.1093/aje/kwh090 Donohue, 2010, The Medicare drug benefit (Part D) and treatment of heart failure in older adults, Am Heart J, 160, 159, 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.04.023 Sloane, 2004, Medication undertreatment in assisted living settings, Arch Intern Med, 164, 2031, 10.1001/archinte.164.18.2031 Schmader, 1998, Medication use patterns among demented, cognitively impaired and cognitively intact community-dwelling elderly people, Age Ageing, 27, 493, 10.1093/ageing/27.4.493 Klarin, 2003, A population-based study of drug use in the very old living in a rural district of Sweden, with focus on cardiovascular drug consumption: comparison with an urban cohort, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 12, 669, 10.1002/pds.878 2009, 2009 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures, Alzheimers Dement, 5, 234, 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.03.001 Li, 2011, Validity of claims-based definitions of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in Medicare patients, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 20, 700, 10.1002/pds.2146 Kramer, 2008, Comparative effectiveness of beta-blockers in elderly patients with heart failure, Arch Intern Med, 168, 2422, 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.511 Flather, 2005, Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS), Eur Heart J, 26, 215, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi115 Martin, 2009, Contrasting measures of adherence with simple drug use, medication switching, and therapeutic duplication, Ann Pharmacother, 43, 36, 10.1345/aph.1K671 Steiner, 1997, The assessment of refill compliance using pharmacy records: methods, validity, and applications, J Clin Epidemiol, 50, 105, 10.1016/S0895-4356(96)00268-5 Hess, 2006, Measurement of adherence in pharmacy administrative databases: a proposal for standard definitions and preferred measures, Ann Pharmacother, 40, 1280, 10.1345/aph.1H018 Andrade, 2006, Methods for evaluation of medication adherence and persistence using automated databases, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 15, 565, 10.1002/pds.1230