The Ecological Physiology of Earth's Second Oxygen Revolution

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 46 Số 1 - Trang 215-235 - 2015
Erik A. Sperling1,2,3, Andrew H. Knoll1,4, Peter R. Girguis4
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and
2Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093
3Present address: Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305;
4Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138

Tóm tắt

Living animals display a variety of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characters that enable them to live in low-oxygen environments. These features and the organisms that have evolved them are distributed in a regular pattern across dioxygen (O2) gradients associated with modern oxygen minimum zones. This distribution provides a template for interpreting the stratigraphic covariance between inferred Ediacaran-Cambrian oxygenation and early animal diversification. Although Cambrian oxygen must have reached 10–20% of modern levels, sufficient to support the animal diversity recorded by fossils, it may not have been much higher than this. Today's levels may have been approached only later in the Paleozoic Era. Nonetheless, Ediacaran-Cambrian oxygenation may have pushed surface environments across the low, but critical, physiological thresholds required for large, active animals, especially carnivores. Continued focus on the quantification of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the Proterozoic will provide the definitive tests of oxygen-based coevolutionary hypotheses.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Alexander RMN, 1971, Size and Shape

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.09.002

10.1126/science.147.3658.563

10.2475/ajs.304.5.397

10.2475/ajs.278.3.257

10.1029/2008GL034185

10.1371/journal.pone.0059289

10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.010

10.1017/S000632310000548X

10.1139/z88-346

10.1017/S009483730001681X

10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00613.x

10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00188.x

10.1016/j.gca.2010.04.064

10.1126/science.1154499

10.1126/science.1135013

10.1038/382127a0

10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00214.x

10.1130/G35402.1

10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88957-0

10.1126/science.160.3829.729

10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.114245

10.1038/nature12426

10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.016

10.1073/pnas.1011287107

10.1186/1741-7007-8-30

10.2113/0530145

10.1016/0016-7037(92)90064-P

10.1144/SP286.30

10.1016/0304-4203(91)90002-E

10.1126/science.1206375

10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00296-6

10.1144/SP286.12

10.1038/nature05345

10.1038/nature08266

10.1016/j.gr.2012.06.004

10.1017/CBO9780511902574.011

10.1666/13-054

10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.030

10.1038/nature09700

10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100849

10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.003

10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.33

10.1130/B25630.1

10.1016/j.precamres.2010.04.007

10.1201/b19121-19

10.1073/pnas.93.12.5675

10.1002/jez.1400100406

10.1016/j.dsr.2004.03.009

10.1093/molbev/mss018

10.1016/j.dsr.2011.09.004

10.1130/Petrologic.1962.447

10.1098/rstb.2006.1838

10.1146/annurev.earth.32.092203.122436

10.3354/meps10019

10.1130/B30949.1

10.1016/j.epsl.2009.11.059

10.1111/maec.12052

10.1080/00206814.2010.527651

10.1130/B30685.1

10.1073/pnas.1401745111

10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.049

10.1073/pnas.0904836106

10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00102-2

10.1073/pnas.1218874110

Levin LA, 2003, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol., 41, 1

10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00085-4

10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00022-8

10.1038/nature07673

10.1038/nature13068

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.032

10.1130/B30346.1

10.1002/bies.201400060

10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01750.x

10.5194/bgd-6-3655-2009

10.1073/pnas.1400547111

10.1002/bies.201400101

10.1073/pnas.1321679111

10.1371/journal.pone.0115246

10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<491:OZEEEF>2.0.CO;2

10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0027:LASTOC>2.0.CO;2

10.1016/j.ympev.2013.01.010

10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.09.004

10.1017/S0025315405011112h

10.1016/j.epsl.2013.03.031

10.5194/bg-8-239-2011

10.1089/153110702753621321

10.1073/pnas.0806314106

10.1007/s11120-010-9593-1

10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0036:TAMOEA]2.0.CO;2

10.1126/science.1258410

10.1111/maec.12176

10.1073/pnas.1208622110

10.4319/lom.2009.7.371

10.1111/j.1502-3931.1971.tb01864.x

10.1080/00167618208729222

10.1016/0031-0182(91)90186-U

10.1038/nature11445

Sanders H, 1969, Brookhaven Symp. Biol., 22, 71

10.1098/rstb.2006.1834

10.1126/science.1229578

10.1038/nature06811

10.1126/science.1205103

Somero GN, 1989, Crit. Rev. Aquat. Sci., 1, 591

10.1017/S1089332600002692

10.1073/pnas.1312778110

10.1016/j.epsl.2013.04.003

10.1038/nature14589

10.1073/pnas.70.5.1486

10.1126/science.1153847

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.012

10.1126/science.119.3096.606

10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.058.01.01

10.1073/pnas.1205009109

10.4319/lo.2010.55.3.1075

10.1111/pala.12140

10.1007/BF00699228

10.1073/pnas.1104160108

10.4319/lo.2007.52.4.1698