The Debated Discovery of Dolomite and the Proposal of a New Geosite at Borcola Pass (Eastern Italian Pre-Alps) in Honor of Giovanni Arduino
Tóm tắt
Within the Venetian Pre-Alps, the Borcola Pass connects the Posina (Vicenza province) and the Terragnolo (Trento province) valleys. The Posina valley is located north of Schio (Vicenza) within the Italian Southern Alps structural unit. In this area, the injection of Paleogene basaltic dykes along fault/fractures in the late Triassic Dolomia Principale unit has produced a local metamorphism of the dolomite rock into a marble characterized by the presence of brucite veins. This marble was studied in the eighteenth century by the famous Italian scientist Giovanni Arduino, who understood its metamorphic origin. In fact, the marble is always associated with sub-vertical basaltic dykes intruded into the carbonate rocks of the Pre-Alps. Arduino performed also chemical experiments on the marble. The reading of the description of the experiments induced later authors (e.g., Maraschini, von Morlot, Mc Kenzie) to infer that Arduino unknowingly discovered the mineral called dolomite. In this work, we propose that the abandoned Borcola Quarry should be nominated as a geosite, to allow its conservation and popularization and to preserve the memory of a probably minor, yet informative step in the long-lived history of the discovery of dolomite. In addition, this site presents other reasons of interest, such as petrography, mineralogy, structural geology, industrial archeology, and eco-geotourism. The proposed geosite is therefore of great importance in terms of its multidisciplinary scientific value, aesthetic appeal, and educational value.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Arduino G (1775) Raccolta di Memorie Chimico-Mineralogiche, Metallurgiche, e Orittografiche, del signor Giovanni Arduino e di alcuni suoi amici. Per Benedetto Milocco, Venezia
Arduino G (1778) Sammlung einer mineralogisch-chymisch-metallurgisch und oryktographischer Abhandlungen, der Herr Johann Arduino, und eineger Freunde desselben. Waltherischen Hofbuchhandlung, Dresden.
Arduino G (1779) Osservazioni chimiche sopra alcuni fossili. Appresso Benedetto Milocco, Venezia
Boscardin M, Daleffe A, Rocchetti I, Zordan A (2011) I minerali nel vicentino. Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni. Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato”, Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza)
Brombin V, Bonadiman C, Jourdan F, Roghi G, Coltorti M, Webb LE, Callegaro S, Bellieni G, De Vecchi G, Sedea R, Marzoli A (2019) Intraplate magmatism at a convergent plate boundary: the case of the cenozoic northern adria magmatism. Earth Sci Rev 192:355–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.016
Burrato P, Poli ME, Vannoli P, Zanferrari A, Basili R, Galadini F (2008) Sources of Mw 5+ earthquakes in northeastern Italy and western Slovenia: an updated view based on geological and seismological evidence. Tectonophysics 453:157–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2007.07.009
Carozzi AV, Zenger DH (1991) The original chemical analysis of dolomite by Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure (1792): a laboratory error and its historical consequences. Archives Des Sciences (genève) 44:163–196
Castellarin A, Nicolich R, Fantoni R, Cantelli L, Sella M, Selli L (2006) Structure of the lithosphere beneath the Eastern Alps (southern sector of the TRANSALP transect). Tectonophysics 14:259–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.013
Chiarabba C, Covane L, Di Stefano R (2005) A new view of Italian seismicity using 20 years of instrumental recordings. Tectonophysics 395:251–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/tecto.2004.09.013
de Saussure NT (1792) Analyse de Ia dolomite. Journal de Physique 40:161–172
De Vecchi GP (1966) I filoni basici ed ultrabasici dell’Altipiano di Tonezza (Alto Vicentino). Memorie dell’Istituto di Geologia e Mineralogia dell’Università di Padova 25:1–58
De Vecchi G, Sedea R (1995) The Paleogene basalts of the Veneto region (NE Italy). Mem Sci Geol 47:253–374
De Vecchi GP, Gregnanin A, Piccirillo EM (1976) Tertiary volcanism in the Veneto. Magmatology, pterogenesis and geodynamics implications. Geol Rund 65:701–710
Fabiani R (1930) Note illustrative della Carta Geologica delle Tre Venezie. Ufficio idrografico R Magistrato alle acque, Padova., Foglio Verona
Galadini F, Poli ME, Zanferrari A (2005) Seismogenic sources potentially responsible for earthquakes with M 6 in the eastern Southern Alps (Thiene-Udine sector, NE Italy). Geophys J Int 161:739–762. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02571.x
Macera P, Gasperini D, Piromallo C, Blichert-Toft J, Bosch D, Del Moro A, Martin S (2003) Geodynamic implications of deep mantle upwelling in the source of Tertiary volcanics from the Veneto region (South-Eastern Alps). J Geodynamics 36:563–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.jog.2003.08.004
Mantovani E, Viti M, Babbucci D, Tamburelli C, Cenni N (2020) Geodynamics of the central-western Mediterranean region: plausible and non-plausible driving forces. Mar Petrol Geol 113:104121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104121
Maraschini P (1824) Sulle formazioni delle rocce del vicentino, saggio geologico. Tip. Della Minerva, Padova
Maraschini P (1828) Suolo. In: Forti L (Ed.), Statistica generale della Provincia di Vicenza. Tomo I, Tip. Baseggio, Bassano
Masetti D, Fantoni R, Romano R, Sartorio D, Trevisani E (2012) Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Jurassic extensional basins of the eastern southern Alps and Adriatic foreland based on an integrated study of surface and subsurface data. Am Assoc Petr Geol b 96(11):2065–2089. https://doi.org/10.1306/03091211087
McKenzie JA (1991) The Dolomite problem: an outstanding controversy. In: Muller DW, McKenzie JA, Weissert H (eds) Controversies in modern geology. Sedimentology, Earth history and Tectonics, London, Academic Press, Evolution of Geological Theories, pp 37–54
Meister P, McKenzie JA, Bernasconi SM, Brack P (2013) Dolomite formation in the shallow seas of the Alpine Triassic. Sedimentology 60:270–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12001
Morandi N, Perna G (1970a) Il marmo grigio perla (marmo a brucite) nelle province di Trento, Vicenza e Verona, Regione Trentino-Alto Adige. L’industria mineraria nel Trentino-Alto Adige. Economia Trentina, Marzo, Parte I:135–150
Morandi N, Perna G (1970b) Il marmo grigio perla (marmo a brucite) nelle province di Trento, Vicenza e Verona, Regione Trentino-Alto Adige. L’industria mineraria nel Trentino-Alto Adige. Economia Trentina, Maggio, Parte II:237–256
Piccoli G (1966) Studio geologico del vulcanismo paleogenico veneto. Mem Ist Geol Miner Univ Padova, 26, Padova
Pondrelli S, Salimbeni S, Ekström G, Morelli A, GasperiniVannucci P (2006) The Italian CMT dataset from 1977 to the present. Phys Earth Planet in 159:286–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2006.07.008
Schauroth K (1855) Übersicht der geognostischen Verhältnisse der Gegend von Recoaro in Vicentinischen. K Akad Wiss, Wien 17:481–562
Schiavinato G (1950) La provincial magmatica del Veneto sud-occidentale. Mem Ist Geol Miner Univ Padova, 17, Padova
Sedea R, Di Lallo E (1986) Carta geologica dell’area di Valli del Pasubio-Posina-Laghi. In: De Vecchi, G.P. et al., Note illustrative della carta geologica dell’area di Valli del Pasubio-Posina-Laghi, alla scala 1:20000, Memorie di Scienze Geologiche 38: 187–205
Semenza E (1974) La fase giudicariense, nel quadro di una nuova ipotesi sull’orogenesi alpina nell’area italodinarica. Mem Soc Geol It 13:187–226
Stegagno G (1929) Il veronese Giovanni Arduino e il contributo al progresso della Scienza Geologica. Tipografia Operaia, Verona
Vaccari E (1993) Giovanni Arduino (1714–1795). Il contributo di uno scienziato veneto al dibattito settecentesco sulle scienze della Terra. Olschki, Firenze (312)
Vaccari E (2006) The "classification" of mountains in eighteenth century Italy and the lithostratigraphical theory of Giovanni Arduino (1714–1795). In Vai GB & Caldwell WGE (eds), The origins of geology in Italy, Special Papers of the Geological Society of America 411: 157–177
von Blanckenburg F, Davies JH (1995) Slab breakoff: a model for syncollisional magmatism and tectonics in the Alps. Tectonics 14:120–131. https://doi.org/10.1029/94TC02051
von Klebelsberg R (1918) Die Fortsetzung der Schio-Linie nach Südtirol, Verhandl. Geol Reichs 11:247–260
von Morlot A (1847) Ueber Dolomit und seine künstliche Darstellung aus Kalkstein. In Naturwissenschafliche Abhandlungen. Haidinger W (ed.) Vienna, 1: 305–315.
Zampieri D (1995) Tertiary extension in the southern Trento Platform, Southern Alps, Italy. Tectonics 14:645–657. https://doi.org/10.1029/94TC03093
Zampieri D (2022) La valle dal cuore di perla. Sulle orme di Arduino nelle cave di marmo della Val Posina. Cleup, Padova. https://doi.org/10.23737/54955417
Zampieri D, Massironi M (2007) Evolution of a poly-deformed relay zone between fault segments in the eastern Southern Alps, Italy. In: Cunningham D & Mann P (eds), Tectonics of Strike-slip Restraining and Releasing Bends, Geol. Soc., London, Special Publication 290: 351–366.
Zampieri D, Roghi G (2022) Proposal of the Borcola pass geoconservation site (Italian Pre-Alps). ProGEO SW Europe Regional Working Group, Virtual Conference on Geoconservation, Abstract Book pp 11–13
Zampieri D, Vannoli P, Burrato PF (2021) Geodynamic and seismotectonic model of a long-lived transverse structure: The Schio-Vicenza Fault System (NE Italy). Solid Earth 12:1967–1986. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1967-2021
Zanferrari A, Bollettinari G, Carobene L, Carton A, Carulli GB, Castaldini D, Cavallin A, Panizza M, Pellegrini GB, Pianetti F, Sauro U (1982) Evoluzione neotettonica dell’Italia nord-orientale. Mem Sci Geol 35:355–376
Zorzi F, Boscardin M (eds) (2014) Minerali del Veneto. Alla scoperta dei tesori della nostra regione. Cierre ed., Caselle di Sommacampagna (Verona).