The Dead, Place/Space, and Social Activism: Constructing the Nationscape in Historic Melaka

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space - Tập 15 Số 5 - Trang 555-586 - 1997
Carolyn Cartier1
1Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1251, USA

Tóm tắt

In Malaysia under state-led economic restructuring, government interventions in cultural heritage landscapes reflect divergent priorities between local place-based conservation interests and forces of political and economic restructuring at broader spatial scales. I examine a major land-use conflict, between economic development interests and a grass-roots preservation movement with links to the national opposition party, to assess how preservation activists mobilised place-based constructions of cultural identity and representations of state nationalism to halt development plans for a historic landscape, These issues arc examined by negotiating the relationship between locally based cultures of place, and political and economic forces seeking to appropriate space, in a piece of historic land in Melaka, Malaysia. I work through two lines of approach. The theoretical framework applies Lefebvre's work on spatial processes and spatial categories to conceptualise the significance of the historic landscape, and utilises Merrifield's reading of Lefebvre to write between the place—space dualism. A social construction approach is adopted to demonstrate how people actively create meaning about place in space, and work out the dialectic of preservationist intervention between local and state-level land-use goals. The social construction approach shows how cultural identity may be place based, and therefore the basis of a powerful localised social movement. Through the movement generated by this debate, a monumental traditional Chinese burial ground became local park and ‘nationscape’, a site-specific distillation of half a millenium of Malaysian history.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abdul Rahman, 1969, May 13: Before and After

Abdul Rahman, 1984, The Star, 5

Agnew J A, 1989, The Power of Place: Bringing Together Geographical and Sociological Imaginations, 1

Anderson B, 1989, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, 2

Anderson K J, 1991, Vancouver's Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada, 1875–1980, 10.1515/9780773562974

Anderson K, 1992, Inventing Places: Studies in Cultural Geography

10.1215/08992363-2-2-1

Ariffin Omar, 1993, Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community, 1945–1950

Barnes T, 1992, Writing Worlds: Discourse, Text and Metaphor in the Representation of Landscape

Bort B, 1678, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 5, 9

Bourdieu P, 1991, Outline of a Theory of Practice

Bourdieu P, 1993, Bourdieu: Critical Perspectives, 262

10.1080/03066159108438449

Brown C, 1952, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25, 1

Bruun O, 1995, Asian Perceptions of Nature: A Critical Approach, 173

10.1017/S0022463400000539

10.2307/215820

10.1080/02508281.1996.11014762

Castells M, 1983, The City and the Grassroots: A Cross Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements

Chatterjee P, 1986, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse

Chatterjee P, 1993, The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories

Cheng Lim-Keak, 1985, Social Change and the Chinese in Singapore: A Socio-economic Geography with Special Reference to Bang Structure

Cho G, 1990, The Malaysian Economy: Spatial Perspectives

CHTT, 1949, Cheng Hoon Teng Temple Incorporation Ordinance

10.1355/9789814377355

Clammer J, 1983, Melaka: The Transformation of a Malay Capital, 2, 156

Cosgrove D, 1993, Landscape: Politics and Perspectives, 281

Cosgrove D, 1987, Area, 19, 95

Crouch H, 1992, Fragmented Vision: Culture and Politics in Contemporary Malaysia, 21

Crush J, 1995, Power of Development, 1

de Groot J J M, 1897, The Religious System of China, Volume 3, Book 1

10.1111/j.1467-954X.1992.tb02943.x

Duncan J, 1990, The City and Text; The Politics of Landscape Interpretation in the Kandyan Kingdom

Duncan J, 1994, Re-reading Cultural Geography, 401

Duncan J, 1993, Place/Culture/Representation

10.2307/466217

Feuchtwang S, 1974, An Anthropological Analysis of Chinese Geomancy

Feuchtwang S, 1974, Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, 105

Fox R, 1990, Nationalist Ideologies and the Production of National Cultures, 1

Freedman M, 1971, Chinese Lineage and Society: Fukien and Kwangtung, 118

Gibson-Hill C A, 1956, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 29, 156

10.1177/030913258801200203

Gregory D, 1994, Geographical Imaginations

10.1068/d060115

10.3817/0981049033

Hacobian M, 1936, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 14, 1

Haraway D, 1991, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, 184

Harfield A, 1988, Early Cemeteries in Singapore

Harvey D, 1989, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Inquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change

Harvey D, 1993, Mapping the Futures: Local Cultures, Global Change, 3

HCYZ, 1989, Lishi de Zuyin: San Bao Shan Ziliao Xuanji (Sound of historical footsteps: selected materials about Bukit China)

Heng Pek Koon, 1988, Chinese Politics in Malaysia: A History of the Malaysian Chinese Association

Hobsbawm E J, 1990, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality

Huang Shu-Min, 1989, The Spiral Road: Change in a Chinese Village Through the Eyes of a Communist Party Leader

HUD, 1970, Cemeteries as Open Space Reservations, Tennessee BD-1

Jackson P, 1993, Constructions of Race, Place and Nation, 202

Jesudason J V, 1989, Ethnicity and the Economy: The State, Chinese Business, and Multinationals in Malaysia

10.1068/d130051

Jomo K S, 1992, Fragmented Vision: Culture and Politics in Contemporary Malaysia, 79

Kahn J S, 1992, Fragmented Vision: Culture and Politics in Contemporary Malaysia, 158

Kapferer B, 1988, Legends of People, Myths of State

Kaye L, 1991, Far Eastern Economic Review, 153, 28

Kobayashi A, 1989, Remaking Human Geography, 164

10.1068/d110023

Kua Kia Soong, 1984, The Star, 24

10.1111/j.1467-8306.1974.tb00999.x

Laporan Am Banci Penduduk 1991

Larana E, 1994, New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity

Lefebvre H, 1991, The Production of Space

10.1177/147447409500200205

Li Fuxi, 1984, Lishi de Zuyin: San Bao Shan Ziliao Xuanji (Sound of historical footsteps: selected materials about Bukit China), 192

Lim S G L, 1994, Monsoon History: Selected Poems

Lim S G L, 1996, Among the White Moon Faces: An Asian-American Memoir of Homelands

Liu Zhiwei, 1995, Down to Earth: The Territorial Bond in South China, 21, 10.1515/9780804764735-006

10.2307/2051750

Massey D, 1993, Mapping the Futures: Local Cultures, Global Change, 59

Means G P, 1991, Malaysian Politics: The Second Generation

10.1163/9789004246980_002

10.2307/622564

Nagata J, 1984, The Reflowering of Malaysian Islam: Modern Religious Radicals and Their Roots

Needham J, 1956, Science and Civilization in China Volumes 2, 3, 4(1)

Netto A, 1995, Far Eastern Economic Review, 158, 44

Oo Yu Hock, 1991, Ethnic Chameleon: Multiracial Politics in Malaysia

Pandiyan M V, 1984, The Star, 1

Pandiyan M V, 1984, The Star, 1

Pandiyan M V, 1984, The Star, 1

Pandiyan M V, 1984, The Star, 1

Pandiyan M V, 1986, The Star, 2

Pandiyan M V, 1992, The Star, 3

Penrose J, 1993, Constructions of Race, Place and Nation, 27

Plotke D, 1990, Socialist Review, 20, 81

10.1177/019791839002400303

Postone M, 1993, Bourdieu: Critical Perspectives, 1

10.1111/j.1467-8306.1984.tb01453.x

Pred A, 1986, Place, Practice and Structure: Social and Spatial Transformation in Southern Sweden: 1750–1850

Purcell V, 1947, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 20, 115

Raman N V, 1985, The Star, 1

Rawski E, 1988, Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China, 20, 10.1525/9780520910478-003

Rawski E, 1988, Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China, 228, 10.1525/9780520910478-011

Relph E, 1976, Place and Placelessness

Routledge P, 1993, Terrains of Resistance: Nonviolent Social Movements and the Contestation of Place in India

Said E, 1995, After Colonialism: Imperial Histories and Postcolonial Displacements, 21

Salmon C, 1991, Asian Culture, 15, 7

Sandhu K S, 1983, Melaka: The Transformation of a Malay Capital, 2, 93

Sandhu K S, 1983, Melaka: The Transformation of a Malay Capital, 1, v

Sandhu K S, 1983, Melaka: The Transformation of a Malay Capital, 2, 495

Sang Kancil, 1984, The Star, 4

10.1111/j.1467-8306.1991.tb01713.x

Sidhu M S, 1976, Geography, 61, 17

Siu H F, 1993, Daedalus, 122, 19

Sloane D C, 1991, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History

Smith N, 1993, Mapping the Futures: Local Cultures, Global Change, 87

Snow P, 1989, The Star Raft: China's Encounter with Africa

10.1068/d130609

Tan Chee Beng, 1983, The Chinese in Southeast Asia, 2, 56

Tan Chee Koon, 1984, The Star, 9

Tan Pek Leng, 1984, The Star, 1

TDCM, 1991, “Melaka map and guide”

The China Post 1996, “Chiang's family wants formal mainland burial” (Taipei, Taiwan) 14 July, page 1

Wolf A, 1974, Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society, 131

Yeh Hua Fen, 1936, Historical Guide of Malacca, 71

10.1017/S0022463400003891

10.1016/0305-7488(95)90035-7

10.1007/BF00219581

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space

Tập 15 Số 5

555-586

Thông tin tác giả