Tầm Quan Trọng Của Các Loài Dơi Quả Cổ Điển Đối Với Hệ Sinh Thái Và Kinh Tế Khỏe Mạnh

Sheema Abdul Aziz1, Kim R. McConkey2, Krizler Tanalgo3,4, Tuanjit Sritongchuay4, Mary-Ruth Low1, Joon Yee Yong1, Tammy L. Mildenstein5, Christine Ely Nuevo-Diego6, Voon-Ching Lim7, Paul A. Racey8
1Project Pteropus, Rimba, Malaysia
2School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia
3Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Southern Mindanao, Philippines
4Landscape Ecology Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
5Department of Biology, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, United States
6Bat Eco-Interactions Project, United States
7School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
8Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Tóm tắt

Mặc dù đã có nhiều tài liệu ghi chép về tầm quan trọng sinh thái và kinh tế của các loài dơi quả cổ điển (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) và nhiều mối đe dọa mà chúng phải đối mặt từ con người, thái độ tiêu cực đối với các loài dơi này vẫn tồn tại, được thúc đẩy bởi nhận thức về dơi như là những loài gây hại và hàng xóm không mong muốn. Khả năng tiêu cực lâu dài này đối với dơi hiện nay còn bị làm trầm trọng thêm bởi những lo ngại liên quan đến bệnh tật, đặc biệt là liên quan đến đại dịch COVID-19 hiện tại. Vẫn còn một nhu cầu cấp thiết để điều tra và làm nổi bật các khía cạnh tích cực và có lợi của dơi trên toàn cầu. Trong khi các đánh giá trước đây đã tổng hợp những điều này một cách rộng rãi, nhiều nghiên cứu mới được thực hiện trong 36 năm qua đã cung cấp thêm dữ liệu và hiểu biết quý giá, điều này đòi hỏi một đánh giá cập nhật. Tại đây, chúng tôi tổng hợp nghiên cứu về tương tác giữa dơi quả và thực vật, bao gồm chế độ ăn uống, vai trò sinh thái và dịch vụ hệ sinh thái, được thực hiện trong giai đoạn 1985-2020. Chúng tôi phát hiện ra tổng cộng 311 nghiên cứu bao trùm 75 trong số 201 loài dơi quả đã biết (37%), được thực hiện ở 47 quốc gia. Phần lớn các nghiên cứu tập trung vào chế độ ăn uống (52% tổng số nghiên cứu; 67 loài dơi quả), tiếp theo là sự di chuyển để kiếm ăn (49%; 50 loài dơi quả), trong khi ít nghiên cứu điều tra trực tiếp vai trò của dơi trong phát tán hạt (24%; 41 loài dơi quả), thụ phấn (14%; 19 loài dơi quả) và xung đột với người trồng trái cây (12%; 11 loài dơi quả). Các loài dơi quả được ghi nhận đã ăn 1072 loài thực vật từ 493 chi và 148 họ, trong đó trái cây chiếm phần lớn các bộ phận của thực vật được tiêu thụ, sau đó là hoa/dịch ngọt/phấn hoa, lá và các bộ phận khác. Mười sáu loài dơi quả đã được xác nhận đóng vai trò là các thụ phấn cho tổng cộng 21 loài thực vật, và 29 loài dơi quả đã được xác nhận đóng vai trò là những con phát tán hạt cho tổng cộng 311 loài thực vật. Các mối đe dọa do con người gây ra làm gián đoạn tương tác giữa dơi và thực vật ở Cổ Thế Giới bao gồm săn bắn, truy đuổi trực tiếp, mất/máy gây rối môi trường sống, loài xâm nhập, và biến đổi khí hậu, dẫn đến những hậu quả đối với hệ sinh thái. Chúng tôi xác định các khoảng trống nghiên cứu nổi bật và các ưu tiên nghiên cứu quan trọng để hỗ trợ hành động bảo tồn cho các loài dơi quả.

Từ khóa


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