Chi phí và Nỗ lực Của Người Thổi H whistle: Sự Tổn Thương Về Thể Chất và Sự Sinh Tồn Sau Khi Tiết Lộ

Journal of Business Ethics - Tập 182 Số 2 - Trang 341-364 - 2023
Kate Kenny1, Marianna Fotaki2
1JE Cairnes School of Business and Whitaker Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
2Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtNgười thổi h whistle đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc bảo vệ xã hội vì họ cung cấp thông tin về những hành vi sai trái nghiêm trọng. Tuy nhiên, những người lên tiếng có thể phải chịu đựng nhiều rủi ro. Dù vậy, các cuộc tranh luận về việc thổi h whistle thường tập trung vào việc ép buộc nhân viên phải lên tiếng, thường bỏ qua những rủi ro liên quan. Sự hiểu biết lý thuyết về kinh nghiệm sau khi tiết lộ của người thổi h whistle còn yếu kém vì những tác động cụ thể và vật chất thường không được hiểu rõ, một phần do thiếu thông tin thực nghiệm về chi phí tài chính liên quan đến việc lên tiếng. Để giải quyết vấn đề này, chúng tôi trình bày các phát hiện từ một nghiên cứu thực nghiệm mới điều tra về người thổi h whistle. Chúng tôi cho thấy rằng những người thổi h whistle khi rời bỏ vai trò của mình vì đã lên tiếng có thể đánh mất cả tài nguyên tài chính và thời gian cần thiết để phát triển lại sinh kế của họ sau khi tiết lộ. Chúng tôi cũng chỉ ra rằng các chi phí liên quan đến chi phí pháp lý và y tế có thể gia tăng đáng kể. Dựa trên những hiểu biết này, đóng góp đầu tiên của chúng tôi là trình bày một khung khái niệm mới về kinh nghiệm hậu tiết lộ, dựa trên lý thuyết nữ quyền, nhấn mạnh vào sự tổn thương về thể chất của người thổi h whistle và gia đình họ. Đóng góp thứ hai của chúng tôi là định vị lại việc thổi h whistle như một hình thức lao động chống lại sự bấp bênh, điều này liên quan đến những chi phí mới, chiếm nhiều thời gian và thường phải được thực hiện trong điều kiện thu nhập bị suy giảm. Đưa ra khía cạnh giữa các chủ thể của kinh nghiệm thổi h whistle, nghiên cứu của chúng tôi cho thấy rằng cả sự sinh tồn sau tiết lộ của người thổi h whistle và khả năng lên tiếng của họ phụ thuộc vào sự hỗ trợ từ thể chế hoặc, trong trường hợp không có, là từ các mạng lưới cá nhân. Bằng cách tái định nghĩa kinh nghiệm sau khi tiết lộ theo cách này - như là những trải nghiệm vật chất, thể hiện qua cơ thể và giữa các chủ thể - các tác động thực tiễn cho việc bảo vệ người thổi h whistle và chính sách được làm nổi bật, bên cạnh các đóng góp cho các cuộc tranh luận lý thuyết. Đảo ngược các cách diễn đạt thông thường trong đạo đức kinh doanh, chúng tôi đặt vấn đề đạo đức về trách nhiệm của nhân viên khi lên tiếng chống lại các hành vi sai trái dưới một góc nhìn hoàn toàn mới. Chúng tôi lập luận rằng phải có trách nhiệm bảo vệ người thổi h whistle khỏi những tổn thương và một nghĩa vụ là điều mà những người nhân danh họ phải thực hiện.

Từ khóa


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