The Contamination of Groundwater and Possible Remedial Measures in the Coastal Zone of Purba Medinipur, India

Groundwater study is interdisciplinary in nature. To understand groundwater, it is essential to be informed about the lithology of the study area. In this article rock types existing in entire India have been thoroughly discussed. It has also been discussed the depth of the water level in the aquifers of the eastern part of India which is quite high compared to its western counterpart both in the pre-monsoon as well as post-monsoon periods. It has discussed the groundwater availability and groundwater draft in the entire India. The annual available groundwater level in West Bengal is very high but the groundwater draft is also quite large there. Since there is continuous freshwater scarcity in the Purba Medinipur coastal locality in West Bengal, it has been taken as the study area. Precipitation is also quite high in Purba Medinipur. The groundwater level has declined due to the progress over time. Population increase in Purba Medinipur is ~ 0.75% per annum which is very high resulting in groundwater level decline. A total of 87 specimens of water were procured by Public Health Engineering Directorate in the years 2017-18 from the study area. The tested water quality results of all these samples were examined in this study. The concerned area is declared as saline prone area. Groundwater contamination in the concerned area has been found out. On that basis the present condition several preventive measures have been suggested among which hybrid technology is suggested to be the best.