The Chemical Composition of the Sun

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics - Tập 47 Số 1 - Trang 481-522 - 2009
M. Asplund1,2,3, N. Grevesse4,1, A. J. Sauval1,3, Pat Scott1,3
1Department of Physics and Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Centre, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
2Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, D-85741 Garching, Germany;
3Observatoire Royal de Belgique, B-1180 Bruxelles, Belgium;
4Centre Spatial de Liège and Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, B-4031 Angleur-Liège, Belgium;

Tóm tắt

The solar chemical composition is an important ingredient in our understanding of the formation, structure, and evolution of both the Sun and our Solar System. Furthermore, it is an essential reference standard against which the elemental contents of other astronomical objects are compared. In this review, we evaluate the current understanding of the solar photospheric composition. In particular, we present a redetermination of the abundances of nearly all available elements, using a realistic new three-dimensional (3D), time-dependent hydrodynamical model of the solar atmosphere. We have carefully considered the atomic input data and selection of spectral lines, and accounted for departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) whenever possible. The end result is a comprehensive and homogeneous compilation of the solar elemental abundances. Particularly noteworthy findings are significantly lower abundances of C, N, O, and Ne compared to the widely used values of a decade ago. The new solar chemical composition is supported by a high degree of internal consistency between available abundance indicators, and by agreement with values obtained in the Solar Neighborhood and from the most pristine meteorites. There is, however, a stark conflict with standard models of the solar interior according to helioseismology, a discrepancy that has yet to find a satisfactory resolution.

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Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Tập 47 Số 1

481-522

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