The Cardiac Cycle and the Physiologic Basis of Left Ventricular Contraction, Ejection, Relaxation, and Filling

Heart Failure Clinics - Tập 4 - Trang 1-11 - 2008
Hidekatsu Fukuta1, William C. Little2
1Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
2Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Brutsaert, 2006, Diastolic heart failure: a myth, Curr Opin Cardiol, 21, 240, 10.1097/01.hco.0000221587.02114.da Little, 2001, Assessment of normal and abnormal cardiac function, 479 Little, 1993, Congestive heart failure: systolic and diastolic function, J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 7, 2, 10.1016/1053-0770(93)90091-X Little, 2005, Diastolic dysfunction beyond distensibility: adverse effects of ventricular dilatation, Circulation, 112, 2888, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.578161 Little, 1998, Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function from the pattern of left ventricular filling, Clin Cardiol, 21, 5, 10.1002/clc.4960210102 Fukuta, 2007, Contribution of systolic and diastolic abnormalities to heart failure with a normal and a reduced ejection fraction, Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 49, 229, 10.1016/j.pcad.2006.08.009 Hasegawa, 2003, Diastolic mitral annular velocity during the development of heart failure, J Am Coll Cardiol, 41, 1590, 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00260-2 Sohn, 1997, Assessment of mitral annulus velocity by Doppler tissue imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function, J Am Coll Cardiol, 30, 474, 10.1016/S0735-1097(97)88335-0 Garcia, 1998, New Doppler echocardiographic applications for the study of diastolic function, J Am Coll Cardiol, 32, 865, 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00345-3 Oh, 1997, The noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 10, 246, 10.1016/S0894-7317(97)70062-2 Ommen, 2000, Clinical utility of Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of left ventricular filling pressures: a comparative simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study, Circulation, 102, 1788, 10.1161/01.CIR.102.15.1788 Nagueh, 1997, Doppler tissue imaging: a noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures, J Am Coll Cardiol, 30, 1527, 10.1016/S0735-1097(97)00344-6 Oh, 2006, Diastolic heart failure can be diagnosed by comprehensive two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, J Am Coll Cardiol, 47, 500, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.032 Brucks, 2005, Contribution of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction to heart failure regardless of ejection fraction, Am J Cardiol, 95, 603, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.11.006 Rihal, 1994, Systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients with clinical diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Relation to symptoms and prognosis, Circulation, 90, 2772, 10.1161/01.CIR.90.6.2772 Vanoverschelde, 1990, Left ventricular filling in dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to functional class and hemodynamics, J Am Coll Cardiol, 15, 1288, 10.1016/S0735-1097(10)80016-6 Shen, 1992, Prognostic significance of Doppler-derived left ventricular diastolic filling variables in dilated cardiomyopathy, Am Heart J, 124, 1524, 10.1016/0002-8703(92)90067-6 Wang, 2005, Independent and incremental prognostic value of early mitral annulus velocity in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function, J Am Coll Cardiol, 45, 272, 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.09.059 Dokainish, 2005, Incremental predictive power of B-type natriuretic peptide and tissue Doppler echocardiography in the prognosis of patients with congestive heart failure, J Am Coll Cardiol, 45, 1223, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.025 Troughton, 2005, Usefulness of tissue Doppler and color M-mode indexes of left ventricular diastolic function in predicting outcomes in systolic left ventricular heart failure (from the ADEPT study), Am J Cardiol, 96, 257, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.03.055 Notomi, 2006, Enhanced ventricular untwisting during exercise: a mechanistic manifestation of elastic recoil described by Doppler tissue imaging, Circulation, 113, 2524, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.596502 Foster, 2006, New untwist on diastole: what goes around comes back, Circulation, 113, 2477, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.626697 Firstenberg, 2001, Relationship between early diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients, an index of elastic recoil, and improvements in systolic and diastolic function, Circulation, 104, I330, 10.1161/hc37t1.094834 Yotti, 2005, A noninvasive method for assessing impaired diastolic suction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, Circulation, 112, 2921, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.561340 Greenberg, 2001, Estimation of diastolic intraventricular pressure gradients by Doppler M-mode echocardiography, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 280, H2507, 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.6.H2507 Sullivan, 1995, Exercise intolerance in patients with chronic heart failure, Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 38, 1, 10.1016/S0033-0620(05)80011-8 Pina, 2003, Exercise and heart failure: a statement from the American Heart Association Committee on exercise, rehabilitation, and prevention, Circulation, 107, 1210, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000055013.92097.40 Packer, 1990, Abnormalities of diastolic function as a potential cause of exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure, Circulation, 81, III78 Cheng, 1992, Mechanism of augmented rate of left ventricular filling during exercise, Circ Res, 70, 9, 10.1161/01.RES.70.1.9 Cheng, 1993, Effect of heart failure on the mechanism of exercise-induced augmentation of mitral valve flow, Circ Res, 72, 795, 10.1161/01.RES.72.4.795 Sato, 1993, Exercise-induced upward shift of diastolic left ventricular pressure-volume relation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade, Circulation, 88, 2215, 10.1161/01.CIR.88.5.2215 Kitzman, 1991, Exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function: failure of the Frank-Starling mechanism, J Am Coll Cardiol, 17, 1065, 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90832-T Lapu-Bula, 2002, Contribution of exercise-induced mitral regurgitation to exercise stroke volume and exercise capacity in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, Circulation, 106, 1342, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000028812.98083.D9