The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra at 98 and 150 GHz

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics - Tập 2020 Số 12 - Trang 045-045 - 2020
Steve K. Choi, Matthew Hasselfield, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Brian J. Koopman, Marius Lungu, Maximilian H. Abitbol, Graeme E. Addison, P. A. R. Ade, Simone Aiola, David Alonso, M. Amiri, Stefania Amodeo, Elio Angile, J. E. Austermann, Taylor Baildon, Nicholas Battaglia, James A. Beall, Rachel Bean, Daniel Becker, J. Richard Bond, Sarah Marie Bruno, Erminia Calabrese, Victoria Calafut, L. E. Campusano, Felipe Carrero, Grace E. Chesmore, Hsiao-Mei Cho, Susan E. Clark, Nicholas F. Cothard, Devin Crichton, Kevin T. Crowley, Omar Darwish, Rahul Datta, E. V. Denison, Mark J. Devlin, Cody J. Duell, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dünner, Thomas Essinger-Hileman, Max Fankhanel, Simone Ferraro, Anna E. Fox, Brittany Fuzia, Patricio A. Gallardo, Vera Gluscevic, Joseph E. Golec, Emily Saldanha, Megan Gralla, Yilun Guan, Kirsten Hall, M. Halpern, Dongwon Han, P. Hargrave, Shawn Henderson, Brandon Hensley, J. Colin Hill, G. C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Adam D. Hincks, Renée Hložek, Johannes Hubmayr, K. M. Huffenberger, John P. Hughes, L. Infante, K. D. Irwin, Rebecca Jackson, Jeff Klein, Kenda Knowles, Arthur Kosowsky, Vincent Lakey, Dale Li, Yaqiong Li, Zack Li, Martine Lokken, S. Loucatos1, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Felipe Maldonado, Maya Mallaby-Kay, Danica Marsden, L. Maurin2, Jeff McMahon, F. Menanteau, Kavilan Moodley, Timothy D. Morton, Sigurd Næss, Toshiya Namikawa, P. Natoli, Laura Newburgh, J. P. Nibarger, Andrina Nicola, Michael D. Niemack, Michael R. Nolta, John Orlowski-Sherer, Lyman A. Page, Christine G. Pappas, Bruce Partridge, Phumlani Phakathi, Heather Prince, Roberto Puddu, Frank J. Qu, Jesus Rivera, Felipe Rojas, Maria Salatino, Emmanuel Schaan, A. Schillaci, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Neelima Sehgal, Blake D. Sherwin, Carlos Sierra, Jonathan Sievers, Cristobál Sifón, S. P. Sikhosana, Zhilei Xu, David N. Spergel, Suzanne T. Staggs, Jason R. Stevens, Émilie Storer, Dhaneshwar D. Sunder, Eric R. Switzer, B. Thorne, Robert Thornton, Hy Trac, Jesse Treu, C. Tucker, Leila R. Vale, Alexander van Engelen, Jeff Van Lanen, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Kasey Wagoner, Yuhan Wang, Jonathan T. Ward, Edward J. Wollack, Fernando Zago, Ningfeng Zhu
1IJCLab - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (Bât. 100 et 200, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay - France)
2IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (Bâtiment 121 91405 ORSAY CEDEX - France)

Tóm tắt

We present the temperature and polarization angular power spectra of the CMB measured by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 5400 deg2of the 2013–2016 survey, which covers >15000 deg2at 98 and 150 GHz. For this analysis we adopt a blinding strategy to help avoid confirmation bias and, related to this, show numerous checks for systematic error done before unblinding. Using the likelihood for the cosmological analysis we constrain secondary sources of anisotropy and foreground emission, and derive a “CMB-only” spectrum that extends to ℓ=4000. At large angular scales, foreground emission at 150 GHz is ∼1% of TT and EE within our selected regions and consistent with that found byPlanck. Using the same likelihood, we obtain the cosmological parameters for ΛCDM for the ACT data alone with a prior on the optical depth of τ=0.065±0.015. ΛCDM is a good fit. The best-fit model has a reduced χ2of 1.07 (PTE=0.07) withH0=67.9±1.5 km/s/Mpc. We show that the lensing BB signal is consistent with ΛCDM and limit the celestial EB polarization angle to ψP =−0.07̂±0.09̂. We directly cross correlate ACT withPlanckand observe generally good agreement but with some discrepancies in TE. All data on which this analysis is based will be publicly released.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

2007, Optical design of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Millimeter Bolometric Array Camera,, Appl. Opt., 46, 3444, 10.1364/AO.46.003444

2016, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: the polarization-sensitive ACTPol instrument,, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 227, 21, 10.3847/1538-4365/227/2/21

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR4 maps and cosmological parameters

2014, The 1 concordance Hubble constant,, Astrophys. J., 794, 135, 10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/135

2016, Quantifying discordance in the 2015 Planck CMB spectrum,, Astrophys. J., 818, 132, 10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/132

2018, Measurements of the temperature and E-mode polarization of the CMB from 500 square degrees of SPTpol data,, Astrophys. J., 852, 97, 10.3847/1538-4357/aa9ff4

2019, Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards provide a 1 determination of the Hubble constant and stronger evidence for physics beyond ΛCDM,, Astrophys. J., 876, 85, 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1422

2020, H0LiCOW — XIII. A 2.4 per cent measurement of H0 from lensed quasars: 5.3σ tension between early- and late-Universe probes,, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 498, 1420, 10.1093/mnras/stz3094

2020, STRIDES: a 3.9 per cent measurement of the Hubble constant from the strong lens system DES J0408-5354,, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 494, 6072, 10.1093/mnras/staa828

The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble program. VIII. An independent determination of the Hubble constant based on the tip of the red giant branch

2020, Hubble constant hunter's guide,, Phys. Rev. D, 101, 043533, 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.043533

2013, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: data characterization and map making,, Astrophys. J., 762, 10, 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/10

2011, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: cosmological parameters from the 2008 power spectra,, Astrophys. J., 739, 52, 10.1088/0004-637X/739/1/52

2011, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a measurement of the cosmic microwave background power spectrum at 148 and 218 GHz from the 2008 Southern Survey,, Astrophys. J., 729, 62, 10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/62

2013, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: cosmological parameters from three seasons of data, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2013, 060, 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/10/060

Atacama Cosmology Telescope: dusty star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei in the equatorial survey

2017, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: two-season ACTPol spectra and parameters, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2017, 031, 10.1088/1475-7516/2017/06/031

2014, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: CMB polarization at 200 < ℓ < 9000, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2014, 007, 10.1088/1475-7516/2014/10/007

2011, Overview of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope: receiver, instrumentation, and telescope systems,, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 194, 41, 10.1088/0067-0049/194/2/41

1997, Statistics of cosmic microwave background polarization,, Phys. Rev. D, 55, 7368, 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.7368

1997, An all sky analysis of polarization in the microwave background,, Phys. Rev. D, 55, 1830, 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.1830

2013, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: beam measurements and the microwave brightness temperatures of Uranus and Saturn,, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 209, 17, 10.1088/0067-0049/209/1/17

2016, Advanced ACTPol cryogenic detector arrays and readout,, J. Low Temp. Phys., 184, 772, 10.1007/s10909-016-1575-z

2016, Highly uniform 150 mm diameter multichroic polarimeter array deployed for CMB detection,, Proc. SPIE, 991418, 10.1117/12.2233113

2018, Characterization of the mid-frequency arrays for advanced ACTPol,, J. Low Temp. Phys., 193, 267, 10.1007/s10909-018-1982-4

2018, Performance of advanced ACTPol low frequency array (Conference Presentation),, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 10708, 107080A, 10.1117/12.2313942

2014, ACTPol: on-sky performance and characterization,, Proc. SPIE, 915310, 10.1117/12.2057243

2014, Horn coupled multichroic polarimeters for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope polarization experiment,, J. Low Temp. Phys., 176, 670, 10.1007/s10909-014-1134-4

2016, The first multichroic polarimeter array on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope: characterization and performance,, J. Low Temp. Phys., 184, 559, 10.1007/s10909-016-1573-1

2016, Planck 2015 results — VII. High frequency instrument data processing: Time-ordered information and beams,, Astron. Astrophys., 594, A7, 10.1051/0004-6361/201525844

2011, Seven-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: planets and celestial calibration sources,, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 192, 19, 10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/19

2017, Planck intermediate results. LII. Planet flux densities,, Astron. Astrophys., 607, A122, 10.1051/0004-6361/201630311

1966, Antenna tolerance theory — A review, IEEE Proc., 54, 633, 10.1109/PROC.1966.4784

2017, The 13th data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: first spectroscopic data from the SDSS-IV survey mapping nearby galaxies at Apache point observatory,, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 233, 25, 10.3847/1538-4365/aa8992

2020, The cross correlation of the ABS and ACT maps, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2020, 010, 10.1088/1475-7516/2020/09/010

2015, Polarized galactic synchrotron and dust emission and their correlation, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2015, 020, 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/12/020

2002, Master of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy power spectrum: a fast method for statistical analysis of large and complex cosmic microwave background data sets,, Astrophys. J., 567, 2, 10.1086/338126

2003, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) first year observations: TE polarization,, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 148, 161, 10.1086/377219

2005, CMB temperature and polarisation pseudo-Cl estimators and covariances,, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 360, 1262, 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09111.x

2013, Libsharp — Spherical harmonic transforms revisited,, Astron. Astrophys., 554, A112, 10.1051/0004-6361/201321494

2018, Planck 2018 results. I. Overview and the cosmological legacy of Planck,, Astron. Astrophys., 641, A1, 10.1051/0004-6361/201833880

1972, The observations of relic radiation as a test of the nature of X-ray radiation from the clusters of galaxies, Commun. Astrophys. Space Phys., 4, 173

2020, Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Component-separated maps of CMB temperature and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect,, Phys. Rev. D, 102, 023534, 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.023534

2020, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: a CMB lensing mass map over 2100 square degrees of sky and its cross-correlation with BOSS-CMASS galaxies, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 1, 1

2020, Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters,, Astron. Astrophys., 641, A6, 10.1051/0004-6361/201833910

2013, Lensing simulations by taylor expansion — not so inefficient after all, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2013, 001, 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/09/001

2014, Planck 2013 results. XXVII. Doppler boosting of the cmb: Eppur si muove,, Astron. Astrophys., 571, A27, 10.1051/0004-6361/201321556

2013, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: likelihood for small-scale CMB data, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2013, 025, 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/07/025

2013, Lensing simulation and power spectrum estimation for high-resolution cmb polarization maps,, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 435, 2040, 10.1093/mnras/stt1421

2019, Consistency of CMB experiments beyond cosmic variance,, Phys. Rev. D, 100, 023518, 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.023518

2012, Non-Gaussian structure of the lensed CMB power spectra covariance matrix,, Phys. Rev. D, 86, 123008, 10.1103/PhysRevD.86.123008

2017, Full covariance of CMB and lensing reconstruction power spectra,, Phys. Rev. D, 95, 043508, 10.1103/PhysRevD.95.043508

2017, Lens covariance effects on likelihood analyses of CMB power spectra,, Phys. Rev. D, 96, 103517, 10.1103/PhysRevD.96.103517

2014, Super-sample CMB lensing,, Phys. Rev. D, 90, 023003, 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.023003

2019, Lensing covariance on cut sky and SPT-Planck lensing tensions,, Phys. Rev. D, 99, 023506, 10.1103/PhysRevD.99.023506

2002, The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich angular power spectrum as a probe of cosmological parameters,, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 336, 1256, 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05889.x

2011, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: calibration with WMAP using cross-correlations,, Astrophys. J., 740, 86, 10.1088/0004-637X/740/2/86

2014, The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: cross correlation with Planck maps, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2014, 016, 10.1088/1475-7516/2014/07/016

1996, Understanding radio polarimetry. III. Interpreting the IAU/IEEE definitions of the Stokes parameters, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 117, 161, 10.1051/aas:1996147

2016, Optical modeling and polarization calibration for CMB measurements with ACTPol and Advanced ACTPol,, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 9914, 99142T, 10.1117/12.2231912

2012, Self-calibration of CMB polarization experiments,, Astrophys. J. Lett., 762, L23, 10.1088/2041-8205/762/2/L23

2016, Foreground-induced biases in CMB polarimeter self-calibration,, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 457, 1796, 10.1093/mnras/stw030

2017, Polocalc: A novel method to measure the absolute polarization orientation of the cosmic microwave background,, J. Astron. Instrum., 06, 1740008, 10.1142/s2251171717400086

2019, Simultaneous determination of the cosmic birefringence and miscalibrated polarisation angles from CMB experiments,, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 083E02, 10.1093/ptep/ptz079

1990, Limits on a Lorentz and parity violating modification of electrodynamics,, Phys. Rev. D, 41, 1231, 10.1103/PhysRevD.41.1231

2016, Axion cosmology,, Phys. Rept., 643, 1, 10.1016/j.physrep.2016.06.005

2015, New constraints on cosmic polarization rotation from the ACTPol cosmic microwave background B-Mode polarization observation and the BICEP2 constraint update,, Astrophys. J., 805, 107, 10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/107

2020, Joint constraint on primordial gravitational waves and polarization rotation angle with current CMB polarization data,, Phys. Lett. B, 802, 135240, 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135240

Axion-like dark matter constraints from CMB birefringence

2020, Atacama Cosmology Telescope: constraints on cosmic birefringence,, Phys. Rev. D, 101, 083527, 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.083527

2020, Searching for anisotropic cosmic birefringence with polarization data from SPTpol,, Phys. Rev. D, 102, 083504, 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.083504

2005

2020, Planck 2018 results. XI. Polarized dust foregrounds,, Astron. Astrophys., 641, A11, 10.1051/0004-6361/201832618

2020, Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods,, Astron. Astrophys., 641, A5, 10.1051/0004-6361/201936386

2014, Planck 2013 results. IX. HFI spectral response,, Astron. Astrophys., 571, A9, 10.1051/0004-6361/201321531

Large-scale maps of the cosmic infrared background from Planck

2016, HI4PI: a full-sky H I survey based on EBHIS and GASS,, Astron. Astrophys., 594, A116, 10.1051/0004-6361/201629178

2012, On the cluster physics of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich surveys II: deconstructing the thermal SZ power spectrum,, Astrophys. J., 758, 75, 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/75

2010, Simulations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich power spectrum with AGN feedback,, Astrophys. J., 725, 91, 10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/91

2012, Modelling the correlation between the thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect and the cosmic infrared background,, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 427, 1741, 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21664.x

2002, Cosmological parameters from CMB and other data: A Monte Carlo approach,, Phys. Rev. D, 66, 103511, 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.103511

2018, Effect of Template Uncertainties on the WMAP and Planck Measures of the Optical Depth Due To Reionization,, Astrophys. J., 863, 161, 10.3847/1538-4357/aad18b

A novel CMB polarization likelihood package for large angular scales built from combined WMAP and Planck LFI legacy maps

Understanding parameter differences between analyses employing nested data subsets

1998, Gravitational lensing effect on cosmic microwave background polarization,, Phys. Rev. D, 58, 023003, 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.023003

2013, Detection of B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope,, Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 141301, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301

2014, A measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode polarization power spectrum at sub-degree scales with POLARBEAR,, Astrophys. J., 794, 171, 10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/171

2015, Joint analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck data,, Phys. Rev. Lett., 114, 101301, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.101301

2003, E/B decomposition of finite pixelized CMB maps,, Phys. Rev. D, 67, 023501, 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.023501

An improved measurement of the secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies from the SPT-SZ + SPTpol surveys

2013, Nine-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: final maps and results,, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 208, 20, 10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/20

2019, Two-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) observations: 40 GHz telescope pointing, beam profile, window function, and polarization performance,, Astrophys. J., 891, 134, 10.3847/1538-4357/ab76c2

Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Lensing Power Spectrum from Two Years of POLARBEAR Data

2020, Measurements of B-mode Polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background from 500 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data,, Phys. Rev. D, 101, 122003, 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.122003

2015, A measurement of secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies from the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey,, Astrophys. J., 799, 177, 10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/177

2020, A measurement of the CMB E-mode angular power spectrum at subdegree scales from 670 square degrees of POLARBEAR data,, Astrophys. J., 904, 65, 10.3847/1538-4357/abbacd

2017, A measurement of the cosmic microwave background B-mode polarization power spectrum at sub-degree scales from 2 years of POLARBEAR data,, Astrophys. J., 848, 121, 10.3847/1538-4357/aa8e9f

2018, BICEP2/Keck Array x: constraints on primordial gravitational waves using Planck, WMAP, and new BICEP2/Keck observations through the 2015 season,, Phys. Rev. Lett., 121, 221301, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.221301

2013, Efficient sampling of fast and slow cosmological parameters,, Phys. Rev. D, 87, 103529, 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.103529

2000, Efficient computation of CMB anisotropies in closed FRW models,, Astrophys. J., 538, 473, 10.1086/309179

2019, healpy: equal area pixelization and spherical harmonics transforms for data on the sphere in Python,, J. Open Source Softw., 4, 1298, 10.21105/joss.01298

2005, HEALPix — A framework for high resolution discretization, and fast analysis of data distributed on the sphere,, Astrophys. J., 622, 759, 10.1086/427976

2019

2013, Astropy: a community Python package for astronomy,, Astron. Astrophys., 558, A33, 10.1051/0004-6361/201322068

2017, Photometric redshifts with the LSST: evaluating survey observing strategies,, Astron. J., 155, 1, 10.3847/1538-3881

2007, Matplotlib: a 2 D graphics environment,, Comput. Sci. Eng., 9, 90, 10.1109/MCSE.2007.55

2016, Survey strategy optimization for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope,, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 9910, 14, 10.1117/12.2232824

2003, Design, implementation and testing of the MAP radiometers,, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 145, 413, 10.1086/346080

2012, Power-law template for IR point source clustering,, Astrophys. J., 752, 120, 10.1088/0004-637X/752/2/120

2016, Planck2015 results,, Astron. Astrophys., 594, A13, 10.1051/0004-6361/201525830