Ứng Dụng Tình Trạng Yếu Đuối Trong Đánh Giá Nguy Cơ Tim Mạch Hiện Đại: Một Đánh Giá Dựa Trên Trường Hợp

Rodriguez-Manas L, Fried LP. Frailty in the clinical scenario. Lancet. 2015;385(9968):e7–9. The article is a brief editorial describing the limitations and future role of frailty markers in clinical practice. The authors call for further randomized trials to improve outcomes in patients with a high-risk, frail phenotype. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146–56. Green P, Cohen DJ, Genereux P, McAndrew T, Arnold SV, Alu M, et al. Relation between six-minute walk test performance and outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (from the PARTNER trial). Am J Cardiol. 2013;112(5):700–6. Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Med Sci. 2004;59(3):255–63. Afilalo J, Alexander KP, Mack MJ, Maurer MS, Green P, Allen LA, et al. Frailty assessment in the cardiovascular care of older adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(8):747–62. This is the most in-depth review to date of studies evaluating frailty in cardiovascular disease. The paper also provides comprehensive tables of the major studies related cardiovascular outcomes or procedures. Finn M, Green P. The Influence of Frailty on Outcomes in Cardiovascular Disease. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed). 2015. Collard RM, Boter H, Schoevers RA, Oude Voshaar RC. Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(8):1487–92. Bibas L, Levi M, Bendayan M, Mullie L, Forman DE, Afilalo J. Therapeutic interventions for frail elderly patients: part I. Published randomized trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;57(2):134–43. Webb J, Gerosa G, Lefevre T, Leipsic J, Spence M, Thomas M, et al. Multicenter evaluation of a next-generation balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(21):2235–43. Saum KU, Muller H, Stegmaier C, Hauer K, Raum E, Brenner H. Development and evaluation of a modification of the Fried frailty criteria using population-independent cutpoints. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(11):2110–5. Ls R. The CES-D Scale: a self-reported depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psych Meas. 1977;1:385–401. Sergi G, Veronese N, Fontana L, De Rui M, Bolzetta F, Zambon S, et al. Pre-frailty and risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly men and women: the pro.v.a. Study J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(10):976–83. Recent ground breaking trial establishing “pre-frailty” as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease progression. Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, Syin D, Bandeen-Roche K, Patel P, et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;210(6):901–8. Revenig LM, Canter DJ, Kim S, Liu Y, Sweeney JF, Sarmiento JM, et al. Report of a simplified frailty score predictive of short-term postoperative morbidity and mortality. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(5):904–11.e1. Lee DH, Buth KJ, Martin BJ, Yip AM, Hirsch GM. Frail patients are at increased risk for mortality and prolonged institutional care after cardiac surgery. Circulation. 2010;121(8):973–8. Afilalo J, Eisenberg MJ, Morin JF, Bergman H, Monette J, Noiseux N, et al. Gait speed as an incremental predictor of mortality and major morbidity in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(20):1668–76. Sepehri A, Beggs T, Hassan A, Rigatto C, Shaw-Daigle C, Tangri N, et al. The impact of frailty on outcomes after cardiac surgery: a systematic review. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;148(6):3110–7. Finn M, Green P. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the elderly: who to refer? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;57(2):215–25. Rodes-Cabau J, Webb JG, Cheung A, Ye J, Dumont E, Feindel CM, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for the treatment of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in patients at very high or prohibitive surgical risk: acute and late outcomes of the multicenter Canadian experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(11):1080–90. Green P, Arnold SV, Cohen DJ, Kirtane AJ, Kodali SK, Brown DL, et al. Relation of frailty to outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (from the PARTNER trial). Am J Cardiol. 2015;116(2):264–9. This is a very recent, prospective cohort study assessing frailty as a prognostic marker after TAVR. The study showed that at 1 year follow up after TAVR a poor outcome occurred in 50% of patients with frailty vs. 31.5% of patients without frailty. Osnabrugge RL, Arnold SV, Reynolds MR, Magnuson EA, Wang K, Gaudiani VA, et al. Health status after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients at extreme surgical risk: results from the CoreValve U.S. trial. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2015;8(2):315–23. Corti MC, Salive ME, Guralnik JM. Serum albumin and physical function as predictors of coronary heart disease mortality and incidence in older persons. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49(5):519–26. Gharacholou SM, Roger VL, Lennon RJ, Rihal CS, Sloan JA, Spertus JA, et al. Comparison of frail patients versus nonfrail patients ≥65 years of age undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(11):1569–75. Ekerstad N, Swahn E, Janzon M, Alfredsson J, Lofmark R, Lindenberger M, et al. Frailty is independently associated with short-term outcomes for elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2011;124(22):2397–404. Cacciatore F, Abete P, Mazzella F, Viati L, Della Morte D, D’Ambrosio D, et al. Frailty predicts long-term mortality in elderly subjects with chronic heart failure. Eur J Clin Investig. 2005;35(12):723–30. Chiarantini D, Volpato S, Sioulis F, Bartalucci F, Del Bianco L, Mangani I, et al. Lower extremity performance measures predict long-term prognosis in older patients hospitalized for heart failure. J Card Fail. 2010;16(5):390–5. Khan H, Kalogeropoulos AP, Georgiopoulou VV, Newman AB, Harris TB, Rodondi N, et al. Frailty and risk for heart failure in older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. Am Heart J. 2013;166(5):887–94. Khan et al. present a prospective cohort study assessing frailty in 2825 participants. The trial found that a diagnosis of frailty is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing heart failure even after adjustment for potential confounders. Wong CY, Green P, Williams M. Decision-making in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the impact of frailty in older adults with aortic stenosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2013;11(6):761–72.