Những tác động của Đạo luật Cải cách Y tế thế kỷ XXI đối với việc giảm thiểu bất bình đẳng sức khỏe liên sắc tộc trong hệ thống tư pháp hình sự Hoa Kỳ: một phương pháp y tế công cộng

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 5 - Trang 885-893 - 2017
Donna M. Cole1, Dawna Marie Thomas2, Kelsi Field3, Amelia Wool3, Taryn Lipiner3, Natalie Massenberg4, Barbara J. Guthrie5
1Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
2Simmons College Department of Sociology, Women and Gender Studies, Boston, USA
3Simmons College Department of Public Health, Boston, USA
4Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
5Northeastern University, School of Nursing, Boston, USA

Tóm tắt

Các dịch bệnh ma túy trong quá khứ đã đặc biệt gia tăng sự hình sự hóa nghiện ma túy ở cộng đồng người Mỹ gốc Phi, dẫn đến các kết quả sức khỏe không công bằng, tỷ lệ nhiễm HIV/AIDS gia tăng và số lượng người bị giam giữ hàng loạt. Ngược lại, cuộc khủng hoảng nghiện opioid hiện nay ở Hoa Kỳ chủ yếu tập trung vào các cộng đồng da trắng và được giải quyết như một vấn đề y tế công cộng. Đạo luật Cải cách Y tế thế kỷ XXI có khả năng làm giảm bất bình đẳng sức khỏe sắc tộc trong hệ thống tư pháp hình sự thông qua cách tiếp cận y tế công cộng đối với vấn đề nghiện và sức khỏe tâm thần. Đạo luật này là một bước tiến tích cực theo hướng đúng đắn; tuy nhiên, xét đến bối cảnh lịch sử của sự phân biệt và việc hình sự hóa nghiện ma túy ở người Mỹ gốc Phi, các mục tiêu công bằng sức khỏe đang có nguy cơ bị xâm hại. Bài báo này thảo luận về các tác động của đạo luật mang tính bước ngoặt này và tiềm năng của nó trong việc giảm bất bình đẳng sức khỏe liên sắc tộc, nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc đảm bảo rằng quyền tiếp cận điều trị và các lựa chọn thay thế cho việc giam giữ phải bao gồm cả các cộng đồng có màu sắc. Trong bài báo này, các tác giả giải thích các thành phần chính của Đạo luật Cải cách Y tế thế kỷ XXI có liên quan đến việc cải cách tư pháp hình sự, bao gồm một mục tiêu then chốt, đó là điều trị thay vì giam giữ. Chúng tôi cho rằng nếu không chú ý đúng mức đến cách thức và nơi mà các cơ chế tài trợ được phân phối, Đạo luật Cải cách Y tế thế kỷ XXI có khả năng làm gia tăng bất bình đẳng sức khỏe sắc tộc thay vì giảm thiểu chúng.

Từ khóa

#bất bình đẳng sức khỏe #hệ thống tư pháp hình sự #Đạo luật Cải cách Y tế thế kỷ XXI #xử lý thay vì giam giữ #nghiện ma túy #sức khỏe cộng đồng

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