The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans

Ambros, V. A hierarchy of regulatory genes controls a larva-to-adult developmental switch in C. elegans. Cell 57, 49– 59 (1989).

Ambros, V. & Horvitz, H. R. Heterochronic mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 226 , 409–416 (1984).

Lee, R. C., Feinbaum, R. L. & Ambros, V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14. Cell 75, 843–854 ( 1993).

Moss, E. G., Lee, R. C. & Ambros, V. The cold shock domain protein LIN-28 controls developmental timing in C. elegans and is regulated by the lin-4 RNA. Cell 88, 637–646 ( 1997).

Meneely, P. M. & Herman, R. K. Lethals, steriles, and deficiencies in a region of the X chromosome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 92, 99–115 ( 1979).

Sulston, J. E. & Horvitz, H. R. Post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev. Biol 56, 110–156 (1977).

Rougvie, A. E. & Ambros, V. The heterochronic gene lin-29 encodes a zinc finger protein that controls a terminal differentiation event in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development 121, 2491–2500 (1995).

Bettinger, J. C., Lee, K. & Rougvie, A. E. Stage-specific accumulation of the terminal differentiation factor LIN-29 during Caenorhabditis elegans development. Development 122, 2517–2527 (1996).

Liu, Z. Genetic Control of Stage-Specific Developmental Events in C. elegans. Thesis, Harvard Univ. (1990).

Abrahante, J. E., Miller, E. A. & Rougvie, A. E. Identification of heterochronic mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans: temporal misexpression of a collagen::green fluorescent protein fusion gene. Genetics 149, 1335– 1351 (1998).

Kennedy, B. P. et al. The gut esterase gene (ges-1) from the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae. J. Mol. Biol. 229, 890–908 (1993).

Zucker-Sparison, E. & Blumenthal, T. Potential regulatory elements of nematode vitellogenin genes revealed by interspecies sequence comparison. J. Mol. Evol. 28, 487– 496 (1989).

Wightman, B. et al. Negative regulatory sequences in the lin-14 3′-untranslated region are necessary to generate a temporal switch during Caenorhabditis elegans development. Genes. Dev. 5, 1813–1824 (1991).

Yeh, W. H. Genes Acting Late in the Signaling Pathway for Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer Larval Development. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Missouri, Columbia, MO (1991).

Jeon, M., Gardner, H. F., Miller, E. A., Deshler, J. & Rougvie, A. E. Similarity of the C. elegans developmental timing protein LIN-42 to circadian rhythm proteins. Science 286, 1141–1146 ( 1999).

Wightman, B., Ha, I. & Ruvkun, G. Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans. Cell 75, 855–862 ( 1993).

Feinbaum, R. & Ambros, V. The timing of lin-4 RNA accumulation controls the timing of postembryonic developmental events in C. elegans . Dev. Biol. 210, 87– 95 (1999).

Trent, C., Tsung, N. & Horvitz, H. R. Egg-laying defective mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 104, 619–647 (1983).

Segalat, L., Elkes, D. A. & Kaplan, J. M. Modulation of serotonin-controlled behaviors by G o in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 267 , 1648–1651 (1995).

Ausubel, F. M. et al. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1995).

Devereux, J., Haeberli, P. & Smithies, O. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 387– 395 (1984).