The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs—Part B: Prostate and Bladder Tumours

Moch, 2016

Kovi, 1985, Ductal spread in prostatic carcinoma, Cancer, 56, 1566, 10.1002/1097-0142(19851001)56:7<1566::AID-CNCR2820560717>3.0.CO;2-Y

Magers, 2015, Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: morphologic features, differential diagnoses, significance, and reporting practices, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 139, 1234, 10.5858/arpa.2015-0206-RA

Humphrey, 2015, Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, J Urol, 194, 1434, 10.1016/j.juro.2015.08.068

McNeal, 1996, Spread of adenocarcinoma within prostatic ducts and acini. Morphologic and clinical correlations, Am J Surg Pathol, 20, 802, 10.1097/00000478-199607000-00003

Tsuzuki, 2015, Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: a comprehensive and updated review, Int J Urol, 22, 140, 10.1111/iju.12657

Robinson, 2012, Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 136, 418, 10.5858/arpa.2011-0519-RA

Robinson, 2010, Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate without invasive carcinoma on needle biopsy: emphasis on radical prostatectomy findings, J Urol, 184, 1328, 10.1016/j.juro.2010.06.017

Watts, 2013, Incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of intraductal carcinoma detected in prostate biopsies: a prospective cohort study, Histopathology, 63, 574, 10.1111/his.12198

Miyai, 2014, Heterogeneous clinicopathological features of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: a comparison between “precursor-like” and “regular type” lesions, Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 7, 2518

Guo, 2006, Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy: histologic features and clinical significance, Mod Pathol, 19, 1528, 10.1038/modpathol.3800702

Morais, 2015, Utility of PTEN and ERG immunostaining for distinguishing high-grade PIN from intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy, Am J Surg Pathol, 39, 169, 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000348

Epstein, 2016, A contemporary prostate cancer grading system: a validated alternative to the Gleason score, Eur Urol, 69, 428, 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.06.046

Humphrey, 2012, Histological variants of prostatic carcinoma and their significance, Histopathology, 60, 59, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04039.x

Yaskiv, 2010, Microcystic adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a variant of pseudohyperplastic and atrophic patterns, Am J Surg Pathol, 34, 556, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181d2a549

Parwani, 2006, Pleomorphic giant cell adenocarcinoma of the prostate: report of 6 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 30, 1254, 10.1097/01.pas.0000209841.77595.4b

Lopez-Beltran, 2005, Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of the prostate, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 129, 683, 10.5858/2005-129-0683-PGCCOT

Evans, 2006, Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of prostate: a clinicopathologic summary of 7 cases of a rare manifestation of advanced prostate cancer, Am J Surg Pathol, 30, 684, 10.1097/00000478-200606000-00003

Epstein, 2014, Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in the prostate: report from the International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus conference, Am J Surg Pathol, 38, e6, 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000238

Gelmann, 2003, Expression of NKX3.1 in normal and malignant tissues, Prostate, 55, 111, 10.1002/pros.10210

Gurel, 2010, NKX3.1 as a marker of prostatic origin in metastatic tumors, Am J Surg Pathol, 34, 1097, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181e6cbf3

Sheridan, 2007, The role of P501S and PSA in the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, Am J Surg Pathol, 31, 1351, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3180536678

Epstein, 2016, The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma: definition of grading patterns and proposal for a new grading system, Am J Surg Pathol, 40, 244, 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000530

Epstein, 2004, Acinar adenocarcinoma, 162

Kir, 2014, The association of the cribriform pattern with outcome for prostatic adenocarcinomas, Pathol Res Pract, 210, 640, 10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.002

Dong, 2013, Architectural heterogeneity and cribriform pattern predict adverse clinical outcome for Gleason grade 4 prostatic adenocarcinoma, Am J Surg Pathol, 37, 1855, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182a02169

Kweldam, 2015, Cribriform growth is highly predictive for postoperative metastasis and disease-specific death in Gleason score 7 prostate cancer, Mod Pathol, 28, 457, 10.1038/modpathol.2014.116

Morash, 2015, Active surveillance for the management of localized prostate cancer: guideline recommendations, Can Urol Assoc J, 9, 171, 10.5489/cuaj.2806

Stamey, 1999, Biological determinants of cancer progression in men with prostate cancer, JAMA, 281, 1395, 10.1001/jama.281.15.1395

Cheng, 2007, Percentage of Gleason pattern 4 and 5 predicts survival after radical prostatectomy, Cancer, 110, 1967, 10.1002/cncr.23004

Sauter, 2016, Clinical utility of quantitative Gleason grading in prostate biopsies and prostatectomy specimens, Eur Urol, 69, 592, 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.10.029

Pierorazio, 2013, Prognostic Gleason grade grouping: data based on the modified Gleason scoring system, BJU Int, 111, 753, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11611.x

Rubin, 2016, Genomic correlates to the newly proposed grading prognostic groups for prostate cancer, Eur Urol, 69, 557, 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.10.040

Barbieri, 2013, The mutational landscape of prostate cancer, Eur Urol, 64, 567, 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.029

Barbieri, 2015, Genomic rearrangements in prostate cancer, Curr Opin Urol, 25, 71, 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000129

Robinson, 2015, Integrative clinical genomics of advanced prostate cancer, Cell, 161, 1215, 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.001

2015, The molecular taxonomy of primary prostate cancer, Cell, 163, 1011, 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.025

Epstein, 1998, The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Bladder Consensus Conference Committee, Am J Surg Pathol, 22, 1435, 10.1097/00000478-199812000-00001

Bircan, 2004, Comparison of WHO 1973, WHO/ISUP 1998, WHO 1999 grade and combined scoring systems in evaluation of bladder carcinoma, Urol Int, 73, 201, 10.1159/000080828

Busch, 2002, The WHO/ISUP 1998 and WHO 1999 systems for malignancy grading of bladder cancer. Scientific foundation and translation to one another and previous systems, Virchows Arch, 441, 105, 10.1007/s00428-002-0633-x

Billis, 2001, Tumor grade heterogeneity in urothelial bladder carcinoma--proposal of a system using combined numbers, Scand J Urol Nephrol, 35, 275, 10.1080/003655901750425837

Epstein, 2003, The new World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) classification for TA, T1 bladder tumors: is it an improvement?, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 47, 83, 10.1016/S1040-8428(03)00073-8

Jones, 2006, Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential: evolving terminology and concepts, J Urol, 175, 1995, 10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00267-9

Montironi, 2003, Classification and grading of the non-invasive urothelial neoplasms: recent advances and controversies, J Clin Pathol, 56, 91, 10.1136/jcp.56.2.91

Montironi, 2002, Improving inter-observer agreement and certainty level in diagnosing and grading papillary urothelial neoplasms: usefulness of a Bayesian belief network, Eur Urol, 41, 449, 10.1016/S0302-2838(02)00028-3

Nishiyama, 2013, Clinicopathological analysis of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: prognostic value and clinical reliability of the 2004 WHO classification system, Jpn J Clin Oncol, 43, 1124, 10.1093/jjco/hyt120

Yin, 2004, Histologic grading of noninvasive papillary urothelial tumors: validation of the 1998 WHO/ISUP system by immunophenotyping and follow-up, Am J Clin Pathol, 121, 679, 10.1309/0KATYHQBJD5XHQ8J

Amin, 2013, ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: pathology, Eur Urol, 63, 16, 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.063

Amin, 2015, Update for the practicing pathologist: the International Consultation on Urologic Disease-European Association of Urology consultation on bladder cancer, Mod Pathol, 28, 612, 10.1038/modpathol.2014.158

Amin, 2014, Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in the bladder lesions: report from the International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus conference, Am J Surg Pathol, 38, e20, 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000240

Eble, 2004

van Rhijn, 2003, Molecular grading of urothelial cell carcinoma with fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 and MIB-1 is superior to pathologic grade for the prediction of clinical outcome, J Clin Oncol, 21, 1912, 10.1200/JCO.2003.05.073

Chow, 2000, Papillary urothelial hyperplasia is a clonal precursor to papillary transitional cell bladder cancer, Int J Cancer, 89, 514, 10.1002/1097-0215(20001120)89:6<514::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-H

Hartmann, 1999, Frequent genetic alterations in simple urothelial hyperplasias of the bladder in patients with papillary urothelial carcinoma, Am J Pathol, 154, 721, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65318-7

Obermann, 2003, Frequent genetic alterations in flat urothelial hyperplasias and concomitant papillary bladder cancer as detected by CGH, LOH, and FISH analyses, J Pathol, 199, 50, 10.1002/path.1259

Readal, 2010, Papillary urothelial hyperplasia: relationship to urothelial neoplasms, Pathology., 42, 360, 10.3109/00313021003767322

Taylor, 1996, Papillary urothelial hyperplasia. A precursor to papillary neoplasms, Am J Surg Pathol, 20, 1481, 10.1097/00000478-199612000-00007

van Oers, 2006, Chromosome 9 deletions are more frequent than FGFR3 mutations in flat urothelial hyperplasias of the bladder, Int J Cancer, 119, 1212, 10.1002/ijc.21958

Dalbagni, 2001, Cystectomy for bladder cancer: a contemporary series, J Urol, 165, 1111, 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66440-3

Linder, 2013, Outcomes following radical cystectomy for nested variant of urothelial carcinoma: a matched cohort analysis, J Urol, 189, 1670, 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.006

Kim, 2012, The impact of squamous and glandular differentiation on survival after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma, J Urol, 188, 405, 10.1016/j.juro.2012.04.020

Xylinas, 2013, Impact of histological variants on oncological outcomes of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy, Eur J Cancer, 49, 1889, 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.02.001

Guo, 2009, Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 16 cases, Hum Pathol, 40, 1448, 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.03.005

Ikegami, 2000, Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 14 patients, Hum Pathol, 31, 332, 10.1016/S0046-8177(00)80247-6

Lagwinski, 2007, Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: a clinicopathologic analysis of 45 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 31, 1777, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31805c9cd9

Hansel, 2013, Gene profiling suggests a common evolution of bladder cancer subtypes, BMC Med Genomics, 6, 42, 10.1186/1755-8794-6-42

Blochin, 2012, Urothelial carcinoma with prominent squamous differentiation in the setting of neurogenic bladder: role of human papillomavirus infection, Mod Pathol, 25, 1534, 10.1038/modpathol.2012.112

Schwartz, 2016, Carcinoma of the uterine cervix unvolving the genitourinary tract: a potential diagnostic dilemma, Am J Surg Pathol, 40, 27, 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000524

Choi, 2014, Intrinsic basal and luminal subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, Nat Rev Urol, 11, 400, 10.1038/nrurol.2014.129

Damrauer, 2014, Intrinsic subtypes of high-grade bladder cancer reflect the hallmarks of breast cancer biology, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111, 3110, 10.1073/pnas.1318376111

Grignon, 1991, Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathologic analysis of 72 cases, Cancer, 67, 2165, 10.1002/1097-0142(19910415)67:8<2165::AID-CNCR2820670827>3.0.CO;2-M

el-Mekresh, 1998, Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: a report of 185 cases, Br J Urol, 82, 206, 10.1046/j.1464-410X.1998.00718.x

Zaghloul, 2006, Long-term results of primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: A report on 192 patients, Urol Oncol, 24, 13, 10.1016/j.urolonc.2005.05.027

Grignon, 1991, Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, Am J Clin Pathol, 95, 13, 10.1093/ajcp/95.1.13

Yamase, 1985, Immunohistochemical demonstration of human chorionic gonadotropin in tumors of the urinary bladder, Ann Clin Lab Sci, 15, 414

Cox, 2011, Large nested variant of urothelial carcinoma: 23 cases mimicking von brunn nests and inverted growth pattern of noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, Am J Surg Pathol, 35, 1337, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318222a653

Holmang, 2001, The nested variant of transitional cell carcinoma--a rare neoplasm with poor prognosis, Scand J Urol Nephrol, 35, 102, 10.1080/003655901750170425

Drew, 1996, The nested variant of transitional cell carcinoma: an aggressive neoplasm with innocuous histology, Mod Pathol, 9, 989

Lin, 2003, Nested variant of urothelial carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases, Mod Pathol, 16, 1289, 10.1097/01.MP.0000094091.04541.FC

Young, 1991, Unusual forms of carcinoma of the urinary bladder, Hum Pathol, 22, 948, 10.1016/0046-8177(91)90003-8

Young, 1991, Microcystic transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. A report of four cases, Am J Clin Pathol, 96, 635, 10.1093/ajcp/96.5.635

Amin, 1994, Micropapillary variant of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Histologic pattern resembling ovarian papillary serous carcinoma, Am J Surg Pathol, 18, 1224, 10.1097/00000478-199412000-00005

Comperat, 2010, Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathological analysis of 72 cases, Pathology, 42, 650, 10.3109/00313025.2010.522173

Guo, 2009, Micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma in the upper urinary tract: a clinicopathologic study of 11 cases, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 133, 62, 10.5858/133.1.62

Kamat, 2007, Micropapillary bladder cancer: a review of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience with 100 consecutive patients, Cancer, 110, 62, 10.1002/cncr.22756

Sangoi, 2010, Interobserver reproducibility in the diagnosis of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the urinary tract among urologic pathologists, Am J Surg Pathol, 34, 1367, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181ec86b3

Samaratunga, 2004, Micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder; a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study, Histopathology, 45, 55, 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01895.x

Spaliviero, 2014, Clinical outcome of patients with T1 micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, J Urol, 192, 702, 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.2565

Huang, 2013, Her2 expression in urothelial carcinoma with micropapillary morphology: preferential overexpresssion by the micropapillary component, Lab Invest, 93

Ross, 2014, A high frequency of activating extracellular domain ERBB2 (HER2) mutation in micropapillary urothelial carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res, 20, 68, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-1992

Schneider, 2014, Outcome of patients with micropapillary urothelial carcinoma following radical cystectomy: ERBB2 (HER2) amplification identifies patients with poor outcome, Mod Pathol, 27, 758, 10.1038/modpathol.2013.201

Kaimakliotis, 2014, Plasmacytoid bladder cancer: variant histology with aggressive behavior and a new mode of invasion along fascial planes, Urology, 83, 1112, 10.1016/j.urology.2013.12.035

Ricardo-Gonzalez, 2012, Plasmacytoid carcinoma of the bladder: a urothelial carcinoma variant with a predilection for intraperitoneal spread, J Urol, 187, 852, 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.145

Ro, 2008, Plasmacytoid transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic study of 9 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 32, 752, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318159af9e

Dayyani, 2013, Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma, a chemosensitive cancer with poor prognosis, and peritoneal carcinomatosis, J Urol, 189, 1656, 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.084

Gonzalez-Roibon, 2013, Dysregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, Hum Pathol, 44, 612, 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.07.009

Al-Ahmadie, 2013, E-cadherin (CDH1) is frequently mutated in urothelial carcinoma with signet-ring cell and plasmacytoid morphology, Mod Pathol, 26

Nigwekar, 2009, Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma: detailed analysis of morphology with clinicopathologic correlation in 17 cases, Am J Surg Pathol, 33, 417, 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318186c45e

Oliva, 2002, Clear cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a report and comparison of four tumors of mullerian origin and nine of probable urothelial origin with discussion of histogenesis and diagnostic problems, Am J Surg Pathol, 26, 190, 10.1097/00000478-200202000-00005

Drew, 1996, The histogenesis of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower urinary tract. Case series and review of the literature, Hum Pathol, 27, 248, 10.1016/S0046-8177(96)90064-7

Lah, 2013, Primary vesical clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in endometriosis: a rare case of mullerian origin, Anticancer Res, 33, 615

Young, 1985, Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder and urethra. A report of three cases and review of the literature, Am J Surg Pathol, 9, 816, 10.1097/00000478-198511000-00005

Mai, 2000, Multicentric clear cell adenocarcinoma in the urinary bladder and the urethral diverticulum: evidence of origin of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female lower urinary tract from Mullerian duct remnants, Histopathology, 36, 380, 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.0855e.x

Idrees, 2013, The spectrum of histopathologic findings in vesical diverticulum: implications for pathogenesis and staging, Hum Pathol, 44, 1223, 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.11.005

Kong, 2013, Histopathologic and clinical features of vesical diverticula, Urology, 82, 142, 10.1016/j.urology.2013.02.015

Walker, 2014, Diagnosis and management of intradiverticular bladder tumours, Nat Rev Urol, 11, 383, 10.1038/nrurol.2014.131

Hoglund, 2007, On the origin of syn- and metachronous urothelial carcinomas, Eur Urol, 51, 1185, 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.025

Nordentoft, 2014, Mutational context and diverse clonal development in early and late bladder cancer, Cell Rep, 7, 1649, 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.038

van Tilborg, 2000, Molecular evolution of multiple recurrent cancers of the bladder, Hum Mol Genet, 9, 2973, 10.1093/hmg/9.20.2973

Brandli, 2003, Stroma adjacent to metastatic mature teratoma after chemotherapy for testicular germ cell tumors is derived from the same progenitor cells as the teratoma, Cancer Res, 63, 6063

Knowles, 2006, Molecular subtypes of bladder cancer: Jekyll and Hyde or chalk and cheese?, Carcinogenesis, 27, 361, 10.1093/carcin/bgi310

Allory, 2014, Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in bladder cancer: high frequency across stages, detection in urine, and lack of association with outcome, Eur Urol, 65, 360, 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.08.052

Gunes, 2013, The role of telomeres in stem cells and cancer, Cell, 152, 390, 10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.010

Groll, 2007, A comprehensive systematic review of testicular germ cell tumor surveillance, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 64, 182, 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.04.014

Balbas-Martinez, 2013, Recurrent inactivation of STAG2 in bladder cancer is not associated with aneuploidy, Nat Genet, 45, 1464, 10.1038/ng.2799

2014, Comprehensive molecular characterization of urothelial bladder carcinoma, Nature, 507, 315, 10.1038/nature12965

Guo, 2013, Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of bladder cancer identifies frequent alterations in genes involved in sister chromatid cohesion and segregation, Nat Genet, 45, 1459, 10.1038/ng.2798

Kandoth, 2013, Mutational landscape and significance across 12 major cancer types, Nature, 502, 333, 10.1038/nature12634

Slade, 2011, DICER1 syndrome: clarifying the diagnosis, clinical features and management implications of a pleiotropic tumour predisposition syndrome, J Med Genet, 48, 273, 10.1136/jmg.2010.083790

Fahmy, 2013, Relevance of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the prognosis of patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, Hum Pathol, 44, 1766, 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.11.026

Chaux, 2013, Urology, 81, 116, 10.1016/j.urology.2012.09.007

Inman, 2007, PD-L1 (B7-H1) expression by urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and BCG-induced granulomata: associations with localized stage progression, Cancer, 109, 1499, 10.1002/cncr.22588

Powles, 2014, MPDL3280A (anti-PD-L1) treatment leads to clinical activity in metastatic bladder cancer, Nature, 515, 558, 10.1038/nature13904

Fedorov, 2014, [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]phthalazines: inhibitors of diverse bromodomains, J Med Chem, 57, 462, 10.1021/jm401568s

Filippakopoulos, 2010, Selective inhibition of BET bromodomains, Nature, 468, 1067, 10.1038/nature09504

Hay, 2014, Discovery and optimization of small-molecule ligands for the CBP/p300 bromodomains, J Am Chem Soc, 136, 9308, 10.1021/ja412434f

van Rhijn, 2012, The FGFR3 mutation is related to favorable pT1 bladder cancer, J Urol, 187, 310, 10.1016/j.juro.2011.09.008

Gui, 2011, Frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, Nat Genet, 43, 875, 10.1038/ng.907

Iyer, 2013, Prevalence and co-occurrence of actionable genomic alterations in high-grade bladder cancer, J Clin Oncol, 31, 3133, 10.1200/JCO.2012.46.5740

Kim, 2015, Genomic Predictors of Survival in Patients with High-grade Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder, Eur Urol, 67, 198, 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.06.050

Birkhahn, 2010, Predicting recurrence and progression of noninvasive papillary bladder cancer at initial presentation based on quantitative gene expression profiles, Eur Urol, 57, 12, 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.09.013

Lindgren, 2010, Combined gene expression and genomic profiling define two intrinsic molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma and gene signatures for molecular grading and outcome, Cancer Res, 70, 3463, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-4213

Netto, 2012, Molecular biomarkers in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: are we there yet?, Nat Rev Urol, 9, 41, 10.1038/nrurol.2011.193

Sanchez-Carbayo, 2006, Defining Molecular Profiles of Poor Outcome in Patients With Invasive Bladder Cancer Using Oligonucleotide Microarrays, J Clin Oncol, 24, 778, 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.2375

Shariat, 2007, Predictive value of cell cycle biomarkers in nonmuscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma, J Urol, 177, 481, 10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.038

van der Kwast, 2009, Predicting favourable prognosis of urothelial carcinoma: gene expression and genome profiling, Curr Opin Urol, 19, 516, 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32832eb45f