The α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin reduces heroin self-administration in rats with extended access to heroin administration

Aghajanian, 1978, Tolerance of locus coeruleus neurones to morphine and suppression of withdrawal response by clonidine, Nature, 276, 186, 10.1038/276186a0

Ahmed, 1998, Transition from moderate to excessive drug intake: change in hedonic set point, Science, 282, 298, 10.1126/science.282.5387.298

Ahmed, 2000, Persistent increase in the motivation to take heroin in rats with a history of drug escalation, Neuropsychopharmacology, 22, 413, 10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00133-5

Aston-Jones, 1999, The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. A target site for noradrenergic actions in opiate withdrawal, Ann NY Acad Sci, 877, 486, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09284.x

Azar, 2003, Conditioned place aversion is a highly sensitive index of acute opioid dependence and withdrawal, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 170, 42, 10.1007/s00213-003-1514-y

Bateman, 1979, Prazosin, pharmacokinetics and concentration effect, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 16, 177, 10.1007/BF00562058

Bewick, 2004, Statistics review 9: one-way analysis of variance, Crit Care, 8, 130, 10.1186/cc2836

Bozarth, 1985, Toxicity associated with long-term intravenous heroin and cocaine self-administration in the rat, JAMA, 254, 81, 10.1001/jama.254.1.81

Bray, 2000, A concise review on the therapeutics of obesity, Nutrition, 16, 953, 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00424-X

Bretz, 2004, On a hybrid method in dose finding studies, Methods Inf Med, 43, 457, 10.1055/s-0038-1633897

Caine, 1993, Intravenous drug self-administration techniques in animals, 117

Carrera, 1999, Heroin self-administration in dependent Wistar rats: increased sensitivity to naloxone, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 144, 111, 10.1007/s002130050983

Chen, 2006, Unlimited access to heroin self-administration: independent motivational markers of opiate dependence, Neuropsychopharmacology, 31, 2692, 10.1038/sj.npp.1301008

Cheng, 2003, Both (1-adrenergic and D1-dopaminergic neurotransmissions are involved in phenylpropanolamine-mediated feeding suppression in mice, Neurosci Lett, 347, 136, 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00637-2

Comer, 1996, Combined effects of buprenorphine and a nondrug alternative reinforcer on IV cocaine self-administration in rats maintained under FR schedules, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 125, 355, 10.1007/BF02246018

Day, 1997, Distribution of alpha 1a-, alpha 1b- and alpha 1d-adrenergic receptor mRNA in the rat brain and spinal cord, J Chem Neuroanat, 13, 115, 10.1016/S0891-0618(97)00042-2

Delfs, 2000, Noradrenaline in the ventral forebrain is critical for opiate withdrawal-induced aversion, Nature, 403, 430, 10.1038/35000212

Demaria-Pesce, 1998, Mathematical determination of feeding patterns and its consequence on correlational studies, Physiol Behav., 65, 157, 10.1016/S0031-9384(98)00159-0

Drouin, 2002, Alpha1b-adrenergic receptors control locomotor and rewarding effects of psychostimulants and opiates, J Neurosci, 22, 2873, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02873.2002

Dworkin, 1988, Kainic acid lesions of the nucleus accumbens selectively attenuate morphine self-administration, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 29, 175, 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90292-4

Erb, 1999, A role for the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but not the amygdala, in the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, J Neurosci, 19, RC35, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-20-j0006.1999

Funada, 1994, Role of beta-adrenoceptors in the expression of morphine withdrawal signs, Life Sci, 54, PL113, 10.1016/0024-3205(94)90010-8

Gold, 1978, Clonidine blocks acute opiate-withdrawal symptoms, Lancet, 2, 599, 10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92823-4

Hutcheson, 2001, The role of withdrawal in heroin addiction: enhances reward or promotes avoidance?, Nat. Neurosci., 4, 943, 10.1038/nn0901-943

Katz, 1986, Effects of clonidine and morphine on opioid withdrawal in rhesus monkeys, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 88, 392, 10.1007/BF00180844

Koob, 1992, Drugs of abuse: anatomy, pharmacology and function of reward pathways, Trends Pharmacol Sci, 13, 177, 10.1016/0165-6147(92)90060-J

Koob, 2004, Neurobiological mechanisms in the transition from drug use to drug dependence, Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 27, 739, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.11.007

Maldonado, 1997, Participation of noradrenergic pathways in the expression of opiate withdrawal: biochemical and pharmacological evidence, Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 21, 91, 10.1016/0149-7634(95)00061-5

McCune, 1993, Expression of multiple alpha adrenergic receptor subtype messenger RNAs in the adult rat brain, Neuroscience, 57, 143, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90116-W

Menkes, 1981, Prazosin selectively antagonizes neuronal responses mediated by alpha1-adrenoceptors in brain, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 317, 273, 10.1007/BF00503830

Morilak, 2003, Interactions of norepinephrine and galanin in the central amygdala and lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulate the behavioral response to acute stress, Life Sci, 73, 715, 10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00392-8

Nicholas, 1996, The distribution and significance of CNS adrenoceptors examined with in situ hybridization, Trends Pharmacol Sci, 17, 245, 10.1016/0165-6147(96)10022-5

O' Dell, 2007, Extended access to nicotine self-administration leads to dependence: circadian measures, withdrawal measures, and extinction behavior in rats, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 320, 180, 10.1124/jpet.106.105270

Olson, 2006, Role of noradrenergic signaling by the nucleus tractus solitarius in mediating opiate reward, Science, 311, 1017, 10.1126/science.1119311

Ozdogan, 2003, Influence of prazosin and clonidine on morphine analgesia, tolerance and withdrawal in mice, Eur J Pharmacol, 460, 127, 10.1016/S0014-2999(02)02961-8

Pecina, 2006, Nucleus accumbens corticotropin-releasing factor increases cue-triggered motivation for sucrose reward: paradoxical positive incentive effects in stress?, BMC Biol, 4, 8, 10.1186/1741-7007-4-8

Raskind, 2000, The alpha1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin ameliorates combat trauma nightmares in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a report of 4 cases, J Clin Psychiatry, 61, 129, 10.4088/JCP.v61n0208

Raskind, 2002, Prazosin reduces nightmares in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, J Clin Psychiatry, 63, 565, 10.4088/JCP.v63n0705

Raskind, 2003, Reduction of nightmares and other PTSD symptoms in combat veterans by prazosin: a placebo-controlled study, Am J Psychiatry, 160, 371, 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.371

Redmond, 1982, The primate locus coeruleus and effects of clonidine on opiate withdrawal, J Clin Psychiatry, 43, 25

Rosner, 1995

Shaham, 1998, CP-154,526, a selective, non-peptide antagonist of the corticotropin-releasing factor1 receptor attenuates stress-induced relapse to drug seeking in cocaine- and heroin-trained rats, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 137, 184, 10.1007/s002130050608

Shaham, 2000, Stress-induced relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking in rats: a review, Brain Res Brain Res Rev, 33, 13, 10.1016/S0165-0173(00)00024-2

Sheskin, 2004, 678

Shrout, 1979, Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability, Psychol Bull, 86, 420, 10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420

Sidhu, 1992, Basis for body weight exponent (0.75) as a scaling factor in energy metabolism and risk assessment, J Appl Toxicol, 12, 309, 10.1002/jat.2550120503

Taylor, 1991, Yohimbine co-treatment during chronic morphine administration attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal without diminishing tail-flick analgesia in rats, Psychopharmacology (Berl), 103, 407, 10.1007/BF02244297

Thornhill, 1976, Disruption of diurnal feeding patterns of rats by heroin, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 4, 129, 10.1016/0091-3057(76)90004-6

van der Laan, 1987, Dopaminergic and alpha 1-adrenergic properties of B-HT920 revealed in morphine-dependent rats, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 26, 265, 10.1016/0091-3057(87)90116-X

Walker, 2007, The γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor agonist baclofen attenuates responding for ethanol in ethanol-dependence rats, Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 31, 11, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00259.x

Wee, 2008, Alpha 1-noradrenergic system role in increased motivation for cocaine intake in rats with prolonged access, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 18, 303, 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.08.003

Wellman, 2002, Cocaine-induced hypophagia and hyperlocomotion in rats are attenuated by prazosin, Eur J Pharmacol, 455, 117, 10.1016/S0014-2999(02)02616-X

Wellman, 1992, Reversal of cirazoline- and phenylpropanolamine-induced anorexia by the alpha 1-receptor antagonist prazosin, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 42, 97, 10.1016/0091-3057(92)90452-L

Wellman, 1997, Effects of the alpha 1a-adrenoceptor antagonist RS-17053 on phenylpropanolamine-induced anorexia in rats, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 57, 281, 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00351-6

Winer, 1962

Young, 1977, 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), methadone and morphine abstinence in dependent rats: EEG and behavioral correlates, Drug Alcohol Depend, 2, 141, 10.1016/0376-8716(77)90014-X

Zarrindast, 2002, Effect of imipramine on the expression and acquisition of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice, Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 73, 941, 10.1016/S0091-3057(02)00951-6

Zorrilla, 2005, Measuring meals: structure of prandial food and water intake of rats, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 288, R1450, 10.1152/ajpregu.00175.2004