Tenure alone is not sufficient: monitoring is essential
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Acheson JM (2003) Capturing the commons: devising institutions to manage the Maine lobster industry. versity Press of New England, New Haven, CT
Agrawal A (2005) Environmentality: technologies of government and the making of subjects. Duke University Press, Durham, NC
Agrawal A, Ostrom E (2001) Collective action, property rights, and decentralization in resource use in India and Nepal. Politics and Society 29:485–514
Anderson C, Putterman L (2005) Do non-strategic sanctions obey the law of demand? The demand for punishment in the voluntary contribution mechanism. Games and Economic Behavior 54:1–24
Andersson K (2004) Who talks with whom? The role of repeated interactions in decentralized forest governance. World Development 32:233–249
Banana AY, Gombya-Ssembajjwe W (2000) Successful forest management: the importance of security of tenure and rule enforcement in Ugandan forests. In: Gibson CC, McKean MA, Ostrom E (eds) People and forests: communities, institutions, and governance. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 87–98
Barber C, Miller K, Boness M (eds) (2004) Securing protected areas in the face of global change: issues and strategies. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland
Batistella M, Robeson S, Moran EF (2003) Settlement design, forest fragmentation, and landscape change in Rondônia, Amazônia. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 69:805–812
Berkes F (2007) Community-based conservation in a globalized world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) (in press)
Berkes F, Folke C (1998) Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Bochet O, Page T, Putterman L (2006) Communication and punishment in voluntary contribution experiments. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 60:11–16
Bray DB, Kiepeis P (2005) Deforestation, forest transitions, and institutions for sustainability in southeastern Mexico, 1900–2000. Environment and History 11:195–223
Bray DB, Merino-Pérez L, Barry D (eds) (2005) The community forests of Mexico: managing for sustainable landscapes. University of Texas Press, Austin
Bruner AG, Gullison RE, Rice RE, da Fonseca GAB (2001) Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Science 291:125–128
Camerer CF (2003) Behavioral game theory: experiments in strategic interaction. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
Campbell BM, Gordon IJ, Luckert MK, Petheram L, Vetter S (2006) In search of optimal stocking regimes in semi-arid grazing lands: one size does not fit all. Ecological Economics 60:75–85
Cardenas J-C (2000) How do groups solve local commons dilemmas? Lessons from experimental economics in the field. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2:305–322
Cardenas J-C (2003) Real wealth and experimental cooperation: evidence from field experiments. Journal of Development Economics 70:263–289
Cardenas J-C, Ostrom E (2006) How norms help reduce the tragedy of the commons: a multi-layer framework for analyzing field experiments. In: Drobak JN (ed) Norms and the law. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 105–136
Cardenas J-C, Stranlund JK, Willis CE (2000) Local environmental control and institutional crowding-out. World Development 28:1719–1733
Carpenter JP (2007) The demand for punishment. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization (in press)
Casari M, Plott CM (2003) Decentralized management of common property resources: experiments with a centuries-old institution. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 51: 217–247
Dietz T, Ostrom E, Stern PC (2003) The struggle to govern the commons. Science 302:1907-1912. Article available at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/302/5652/1907.pdf and CIPEC Supporting Online Material available at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/data/302/5652/1907/DC1/1 (subscription required)
Ervin J (2003) Rapid assessment of protected area management effectiveness in four countries. Bioscience 53:833–841
Fehr E, Gächter S (2000) Cooperation and punishment in public goods experiments. American Economic Review 90:980–994
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2003) State of the World’s Forests, 2003. FAO, Rome
Fox J, Rindfuss RR, Walsh SJ, Mishra V (2003) People and the environment: approaches for linking household and community surveys to remote sensing and GIS. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Geist HJ, Lambin EF (2002) Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestation. Bioscience 52:143–150
Ghate R (2005) Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve: relocation versus wildlife preservation. Economic and Political Weekly 40:4807–4809
Ghate R, Nagendra H (2005) Role of monitoring in institutional performance: forest management in Maharashtra, India. Conservation and Society 3:509–532
Ghimire KB, Pimbert MP (eds) (1997) Social change and conservation: environmental politics and impacts of national parks and protected areas. Earthscan, London
Gibson CC, McKean MA, Ostrom E (eds) (2000) People and forests: communities, institutions, and governance. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Gibson CC, Williams JT, Ostrom E (2005) Local enforcement and better forests. World Development 33:273–284
Gordon HS (1954) The economic theory of a common-property resource: the fishery. Journal of Political Economy 62:124–142
Gürerk Ő, Irlenbusch B, Rockenbach B (2006) The competitive advantage of sanctioning institutions. Science 312:108–111
Hackett S, Schlager E, Walker JM (1994) The role of communication in resolving commons dilemmas: experimental evidence with heterogeneous appropriators. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 27:99–126
Hayes TM (2006) Parks, people, and forest protection: an institutional assessment of the effectiveness of protected areas. World Development 34:2064–2075
Hayes TM, Ostrom E (2005) Conserving the world’s forests: are protected areas the only way? Indiana Law Review 38:595–617
Henrich J, Boyd R, Bowles S, Camerer C, Fehr E, Gintis H (2004) Foundations of human sociality: economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
Henrich J, McElreath R, Barr A, Ensminger J, Barrett C, Bolyanatz A, Cardenas JC, Gurven M, Gwako E, Henrich N, Lesorogol C, Marlowe F, Tracer D, Ziker J (2006) Costly punishment across human societies. Science 312:1767–1770
Hilborn R, Arcese P, Borner M, Hando J, Hopcraft G, Loibooki M, Mduma M, Sinclair ARE (2006) Effective enforcement in a conservation area. Science 314:1266
Hockings M (2003) Systems for assessing the effectiveness of management in protected areas. Bioscience 53:823–832
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (1999) Threats to forest protected areas: summary of a survey of 10 countries carried out in association with the World Commission on Protected Areas IUCN
IUCN (2003) Building support for protected areas: workshop stream 2. World Parks Congress Workshops, September 8–17. http://www.iucn.org/themes/wcpa/wpc2003/english/programme/workshops/broader.htm. Cited
Kaimowitz D, Angelsen A (1998) Economic models of tropical deforestation. A review. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
Karlan D (2005) Using experimental economics to measure social capital and predict financial decisions. American Economic Review 95:1688–1699
Kauppi PE, Ausubel JH, Fang J, Mather AS, Sedjo RA, Waggoner PE (2006) Returning forests analyzed with the forest identity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 103: 17574–17579
Lamb D, Erskine PD, Parrotta JA (2005) Restoration of degraded tropical forest landscapes. Science 310:1628–1632
Lovejoy TE (2006) Protected areas: a prism for a changing world. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21:329–333
Marshall GR (2005) Economics for collaborative environmental management. Earthscan, London
McConnell W, Sweeney S (2005) Challenges of forest governance in Madagascar. The Geographic Journal 171:223–238
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis. Island, Washington DC
Moran EF, Ostrom E (eds) (2005) Seeing the forest and the trees: human-environment interactions in forest ecosystems. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Moran EF, Brondizio ES, Tucker JM, da Silva-Forsberg MC, McCracken S, Falesi I (2000) Effects of soil fertility and land-use on forest succession in Amazônia. Forest Ecology and Management 139:93–108
Nagendra H, Southworth J, Tucker CM (2003) Accessibility as a determinant of landscape transformation in western Honduras: linking pattern and process. Landscape Ecology 18:141–158
Nagendra H, Southworth J, Tucker CM, Karmacharya M, Karna B, Carlson LA (2004) Remote sensing for policy evaluation: monitoring parks in Nepal and Honduras. Environmental Management 34:748–760
Nagendra H, Karmacharya M, Karna B (2005) Evaluating forest management in Nepal: views across space and time. Ecology and Society 10:art24 [online]
Nagendra H, Pareeth S, Ghate R (2006) People within parks—forests villages, land-cover change and landscape fragmentation in the Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, India. Applied Geography 26:96–112
National Research Council (NRC) (2002) The drama of the commons. Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change. National Academy, Washington DC
Naughton-Treves L, Holland MB, Brandon K (2005) The role of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and sustaining local livelihoods. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 30:219–252
Nepstad D, Schwartzman S, Bamberger B, Santilli M, Ray D, Schlesinger P, Lefebvre P, Alencar A, Prinz E, Fiske G, Rolla A (2006) Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fire by parks and indigenous lands. Conservation Biology 20:65–73
Ostrom E (2005) Understanding institutional diversity. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
Ostrom E (2006) The value-added of laboratory experiments for the study of institutions and common-pool resources. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 61:149–163
Ostrom E, Walker J, Gardner R (1992) Covenants with and without a sword: self-governance is possible. American Political Science Review 86:404–417
Ostrom E, Gardner R, Walker J (1994) Rules, games, and common-pool resources. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor
Pagdee A, Kim Y-S, Daugherty PJ (2006) What makes community forest management successful: a meta-study from community forests throughout the world. Society and Natural Resources 19:33–52
Perz SG, Skole DL (2003) Secondary forest expansion in the Brazilian Amazon and the refinement of forest transition theory. Society and Natural Resources 16:277–294
Platteau J-P (2004) Monitoring elite capture in community-driven development. Development and Change 35:223–246
Pritchett L, Woolcock M (2003) Solutions when the solution is the problem: arraying the disarray in development. World Development 35:435–461
Rice RE, Sugal CA, Ratay SM, da Fonseca GAB (2001) Sustainable forest management: a review of conventional wisdom. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Washington DC
Rindfuss RR, Walsh SJ, Turner BL II, Fox J, Mishra V (2004) Developing a science of land change: challenges and methodological issues. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 101:13976–13981
Rudel TK, Coomes OT, Moran E, Achard F, Angelsen A, Xu J, Lambin E (2005) Forest transitions: toward a global understanding of land-use change. Global Environmental Change 15:23–31
Sally D (1995) Conversation and cooperation in social dilemmas. A meta-analysis of experiments from 1958 to 1992. Rationality and Society 7:58–92
Sayer J, Wells MP (2004) The pathology of projects. In: McShane TO, Wells MP (eds) Getting biodiversity projects to work: towards more effective conservation and development. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 35–48
Schweik C, Nagendra H, Sinha DR (2003) Using satellites to search for forest management innovations in Nepal. Ambio 32:312–319
Sikor T (2006) Analyzing community-based forestry: local, political and agrarian perspectives. Forest Policy and Economics 8:339–349
Terborgh J (1999) Requiem for nature. Island, Washington DC
Tran NT (2005) From legal acts to village institutions and forest use practices: effects of devolution in the central highlands of Vietnam. Shaker, Aachen, Germany
Tucker CM, Ostrom E (2005) Multidisciplinary research relating institutions and forest transformations. In: Moran EF, Ostrom E (eds) Seeing the forest and the trees. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 81–104
Vogt ND, Banana AY, Gombya-Ssembajjwe W, Bahati J (2006) Understanding the stability of forest reserve boundaries in the West Mengo region of Uganda. Ecology and Society 11:38 [online]. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/issl/art38/. Cited
Walker JM, Halloran MA (2004) Rewards and sanctions and the provision of public goods in one-shot settings. Experimental Economics 7:235–247
Walker JM, Gardner R, Ostrom E (1990) Rent dissipation in a limited-access common-pool resource: experimental evidence. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 19:203–211
Webb EL, Shivakoti GP (2006) Community adaptations under changing forest policy. Sage, New Delhi
Wells M, Brandon K (1992) People and parks: linking protected area management with local communities. World Bank, Washington DC
Western D, Wright RM (1994) The background to community-based conservation. In: Western D, Wright RM, Strum SC (eds) Natural connections: perspectives on community-based conservation. Island, Washington DC, pp 1–14
World Wildlife Fund International (WWF) (2004) Are protected areas working? An analysis of forest protected areas by WWF. WWF, Gland, Switzerland