Temporal trends in prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum molecular markers selected for by artemether–lumefantrine treatment in pre-ACT and post-ACT parasites in western Kenya

Angela O. Achieng1, Peninah Muiruri1,2, Luicer A. Ingasia1, Benjamin H. Opot1, Dennis W. Juma1, Redemptah Yeda1, Bidii S. Ngalah1,3, Bernhards R. Ogutu1, Ben Andagalu1, Hoseah M. Akala1, Edwin Kamau1
1Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
2Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
3Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya

Tài liệu tham khảo

Amin, 2007, The challenges of changing national malaria drug policy to artemisinin-based combinations in Kenya, Malar. J., 6, 72, 10.1186/1475-2875-6-72 Ariey, 2014, A molecular marker of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Nature, 505, 50, 10.1038/nature12876 Ashley, 2014, Spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, N. Engl. J. Med., 371, 411, 10.1056/NEJMoa1314981 Babiker, 2001, High-level chloroquine resistance in Sudanese isolates of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene pfcrt and the multidrug resistance Gene pfmdr1, J. Infect. Dis., 183, 1535, 10.1086/320195 Bacon, 2007, Comparison of a SYBR green I-based assay with a histidine-rich protein II enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for in vitro antimalarial drug efficacy testing and application to clinical isolates, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51, 1172, 10.1128/AAC.01313-06 Bethell, 1997, Pharmacokinetics of oral artesunate in children with moderately severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 91, 195, 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90222-4 Conrad, 2014, Comparative impacts over 5 years of artemisinin-based combination therapies on Plasmodium falciparum polymorphisms that modulate drug sensitivity in Ugandan children, J. Infect. Dis, 210, 344, 10.1093/infdis/jiu141 Cowman, 1994, Selection for mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is linked to amplification of the pfmdr1 gene and cross-resistance to halofantrine and quinine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 91, 1143, 10.1073/pnas.91.3.1143 Djimdé, 2001, A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria, N. Engl. J. Med., 344, 257, 10.1056/NEJM200101253440403 Dondorp, 2009, Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, N. Engl. J. Med., 361, 455, 10.1056/NEJMoa0808859 Duraisingh, 2000, Increased sensitivity to the antimalarials mefloquine and artemisinin is conferred by mutations in the pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum, Mol. Microbiol., 36, 955, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01914.x Eyase, 2013, The role of Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt in changing chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and lumefantrine susceptibility in western-Kenya P. falciparum samples during 2008–2011, PLoS One, 8, e64299, 10.1371/journal.pone.0064299 Fogh, 1979, Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenya, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 73, 228, 10.1016/0035-9203(79)90220-7 Gadalla, 2011, Increased pfmdr1 copy number and sequence polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Sudanese malaria patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 55, 5408, 10.1128/AAC.05102-11 Henriques, 2014, Directional selection at the pfmdr1, pfcrt, pfubp1 and pfap2mu loci of Plasmodium falciparum in Kenyan children treated with ACT, J. Infect. Dis., 210, 2001, 10.1093/infdis/jiu358 Holmgren, 2006, Amodiaquine resistance is not related to rare findings of pfmdr1 gene amplifications in Kenya, Trop. Med. Int. Health, 11, 1808, 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01742.x Humphreys, 2007, Amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine select distinct alleles of the Plasmodium falciparum mdr1 gene in Tanzanian children treated for uncomplicated malaria, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51, 991, 10.1128/AAC.00875-06 Johnson, 2007, Assessment and continued validation of the malaria SYBR Green I-based fluorescence assay for use in malaria drug screening, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51, 1926, 10.1128/AAC.01607-06 Kamau, 2014, K13-Propeller polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasites from Sub-Saharan Africa, J. Infect. Dis., 211, 1352 Kublin, 2003, Reemergence of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum malaria after Cessation of chloroquine use in Malawi, J. Infect. Dis., 187, 1870, 10.1086/375419 Laufer, 2010, Return of chloroquine-susceptible falciparum malaria in Malawi was a reexpansion of diverse susceptible parasites, J. Infect. Dis., 202, 801, 10.1086/655659 Lim, 2009, Pfmdr1 copy number and arteminisin derivatives combination therapy failure in falciparum malaria in Cambodia, Malar. J., 8, 11, 10.1186/1475-2875-8-11 Malmberg, 2013, Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance phenotype as assessed by patient antimalarial drug levels and its association with pfmdr1 polymorphisms, J. Infect. Dis., 207, 842, 10.1093/infdis/jis747 Malmberg, 2013, Temporal trends of molecular markers associated with artemether-lumefantrine tolerance/resistance in Bagamoyo district, Tanzania, Malar. J., 12, 103, 10.1186/1475-2875-12-103 Mang'era, 2012, Changes in genotypes of Plasmodium falciparum human malaria parasite following withdrawal of chloroquine in Tiwi, Kenya, Acta Trop., 123, 202, 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.05.007 Muhamad, 2011, Polymorphisms of molecular markers of antimalarial drug resistance and relationship with artesunate mefloquine combination therapy in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Thailand, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 85, 568, 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0194 Mwai, 2009, In vitro activities of piperaquine, lumefantrine, and dihydroartemisinin in Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum isolates and polymorphisms in pfcrt and pfmdr1, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 53, 5069, 10.1128/AAC.00638-09 Na, 1994, Pharmacokinetics of artemether after oral administration to healthy Thai males and patients with acute, uncomplicated falciparum malaria, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 37, 249, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04271.x Ngalah, 2015, Analysis of major genome loci underlying artemisinin resistance and pfmdr1 copy number in pre- and post-ACTs in western Kenya, Sci Rep, 5, 8308, 10.1038/srep08308 Noedl, 2008, Evidence of artemisinin-resistant malaria in western Cambodia, N. Engl. J. Med., 359, 2619, 10.1056/NEJMc0805011 Ogutu, 2014, Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenyan children aged less than five years: results of an open-label, randomized, single-centre study, Malar. J., 13, 33, 10.1186/1475-2875-13-33 Okiro, 2010, Changing malaria intervention coverage, transmission and hospitalization in Kenya, Malar. J., 9, 285, 10.1186/1475-2875-9-285 Okombo, 2014, Temporal trends in prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance alleles over two decades of changing antimalarial policy in coastal Kenya, 4, 152 Picot, 2009, A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for correlation between molecular markers of parasite resistance and treatment outcome in falciparum malaria, Malar. J., 8, 89, 10.1186/1475-2875-8-89 Price, 1999, The pfmdr1 gene is associated with a multidrugresistant phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum from the western border of Thailand, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 2943, 10.1128/AAC.43.12.2943 Price, 2004, Mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and increased pfmdr1 gene copy number, Lancet, 364, 438, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16767-6 Rason, 2008, Performance and reliability of the SYBR Green I based assay for the routine monitoring of susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 102, 346, 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.01.021 Reed, 2000, Pgh1 modulates sensitivity and resistance to multiple antimalarials in Plasmodium falciparum, Nature, 403, 906, 10.1038/35002615 Shretta, 2000, Using evidence to change antimalarial drug policy in Kenya, Trop. Med. Int. Health, 5, 755, 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00643.x Sidhu, 2005, pfmdr1 mutations contribute to quinine resistance and enhance mefloquine and artemisinin sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum, Mol. Microbiol., 57, 913, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04729.x Sisowath, 2005, In vivo selection of Plasmodium falciparum pfmdr1 86 N coding alleles by artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem), J. Infect. Dis., 191, 1014, 10.1086/427997 Sisowath, 2007, The role of pfmdr1 in Plasmodium falciparum tolerance to artemether-lumefantrine in Africa, Trop. Med. Int. Health, 12, 736, 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01843.x Sisowath, 2009, In vivo selection of Plasmodium falciparum parasites carrying the chloroquine-susceptible pfcrt K76 allele after treatment with artemether-lumefantrine in Africa, J. Infect. Dis., 199, 750, 10.1086/596738 Some, 2010, Selection of known Plasmodium falciparum resistance-mediating polymorphisms by artemether-lumefantrine and amodiaquinesulfadoxine-pyrimethamine but not dihydroartemisininpiperaquine in Burkina Faso, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 54, 1949, 10.1128/AAC.01413-09 Stepniewska, 2010, In vivo parasitological measures of artemisinin susceptibility, J. Infect. Dis., 201, 570, 10.1086/650301 Taylor, 2014, Absence of putative artemisinin resistance mutations among plasmodium falciparum in Sub-Saharan Africa: a molecular epidemiologic study, J. Infect. Dis., 211, 680, 10.1093/infdis/jiu467 Trager, 1976, Human malaria parasites in continuous culture, Science, 193, 673, 10.1126/science.781840 Uhlemann, 2005, Amplification of Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance Gene 1 in isolates from Gabon, J. Infect. Dis., 192, 1830, 10.1086/497337 Venkatesan, 2014, Polymorphisms in plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter and multidrug resistance 1 genes: parasite risk factors that affect treatment outcomes for P. falciparum malaria after artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 91, 833, 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0031 Vinayak, 2010, Multiple genetic backgrounds of the amplified Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance (pfmdr1) gene and selective sweep of 184F mutation in Cambodia, J. Infect. Dis., 201, 1551, 10.1086/651949 White, 2008, Qinghaosu (artemisinin): the price of success, Science, 320, 330, 10.1126/science.1155165 White, 1999, Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of artemether-lumefantrine, Clin. Pharmacokinet., 37, 105, 10.2165/00003088-199937020-00002 W.H.O, 2014 World Health Organization, 2013 Zwang, 2014, Plasmodium falciparum clearance in clinical studies of artesunate-amodiaquine and comparator treatments in sub-Saharan Africa, 1999-2009, Malar. J., 13, 114, 10.1186/1475-2875-13-114