Temporal development and collapse of an Arctic plant-pollinator network

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 9 Số 1 - 2009
Clementine Pradal1, Jes Olesen2, Carsten Wiuf3
1Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, F-92 295, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, France
2Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, Building 1540, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
3Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, C. F. Mollers Alle 8, Building 1110, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

Tóm tắt

Abstract Background The temporal dynamics and formation of plant-pollinator networks are difficult to study as it requires detailed observations of how the networks change over time. Understanding the temporal dynamics might provide insight into sustainability and robustness of the networks and how they react to environmental changes, such as global warming. Here we study an Arctic plant-pollinator network in two consecutive years using a simple mathematical model and describe the temporal dynamics (daily assembly and disassembly of links) by random mechanisms. Results We develop a mathematical model with parameters governed by the probabilities for entering, leaving and making connections in the network and demonstrate that A. The dynamics is described by very similar parameters in both years despite a strong turnover in the composition of the pollinator community and different climate conditions, B. There is a drastic change in the temporal behaviour a few days before the end of the season in both years. This change leads to the collapse of the network and does not correlate with weather parameters, C. We estimate that the number of available pollinator species is about 80 species of which 75-80% are observed in each year, D. The network does not reach an equilibrium state (as defined by our model) before the collapse set in and the season is over. Conclusion We have shown that the temporal dynamics of an Arctic plant-pollinator network can be described by a simple mathematical model and that the model allows us to draw biologically interesting conclusions. Our model makes it possible to investigate how the network topology changes with changes in parameter values and might provide means to study the effect of climate on plant-pollinator networks.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bascompte J, Jordano P, Melian CJ, Olesen JM: The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. PNAS. 2003, 100: 9383-9387. 10.1073/pnas.1633576100.

Basilio AM, Medan D, Torretta JP, Bartoloni NJ: A year-long plant-pollinator network. Austral Ecol. 2006, 31: 975-983. 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01666.x.

Petanidou T, Kallimanis AS, Tzanopoulos J, Sgardelis SP, Pantis JD: Long-term observation of a pollination network: fluctuation in species and interactions, relative invariance of network structure and implications for estimates of specialization. Ecol Lett. 2008, 11: 564-575. 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01170.x.

Barabasi AL, Albert R: Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science. 1999, 286: 509-512. 10.1126/science.286.5439.509.

Williams RJ, Martinez ND: Simple rules yield complex food webs. Nature. 2000, 404: 180-183. 10.1038/35006555.

Olesen JM, Bascompte J, Elberling H, Jordano P: Temporal dynamics in pollination network. Ecology. 2008, 89: 1573-1582. 10.1890/07-0451.1.

Memmott J, Craze PG, Waser NM, Price MV: Global warming and the disruption of plant-pollinator interactions. Ecol Lett. 2007, 10: 710-717. 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01061.x.

Devoto M, Zimmermann M, Medan D: Robustness of plant-flower visitor webs to simulated climate change. Ecol Austral. 2007, 17: 37-50.

Ellebjerg SM, Tamstorf MP, Illeris L, Michelsen A, Hansen BU: Inter-annual variability and controls of plant phenology and productivity at Zackenberg. Adv Ecol Res. 2008, 40: 249-273. full_text.

Kudo G, Hirao AS: Habitat-specific responses in the flowering phenology and seed set of alpine plants to climate variation: implications for global-change impacts. Popul Ecol. 2006, 48: 49-58. 10.1007/s10144-005-0242-z.

Petanidou T: Pollination fauna of a phryganic ecosystem. Versl Tech Geg Amst. 1991, 59: 1-12.

Medan D, Montaldo NH, Devoto M, Mantese A, Vasellati V, Roitman GG, Bartoloni NH: Plant-pollinator relationships at two altitudes in the Andes of Mendoza, Argentina. Arctic Antarctic Alp Res. 2002, 34: 233-243. 10.2307/1552480.

Medan D, Basilio AM, Devoto M, Bartoloni NJ, Torretta JP, Petanidou T: Measuring generalizations and connectance in temperate, long-lasting systems. Plant-pollinator Interactions: from Specialization to Generalization. Edited by: Waser N, Ollerton J. 2006, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 245-259.

Alarcon R, Waser NM, Ollerton J: Year-to-year variation in the topology of a plant-pollinator interaction network. Oikos. 2008, 17: 1796-1807. 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16987.x.

Hansen BU, Sigsgaard C, Rasmussen L, Cappelen J, Mernild SH, Petersen D, Tamstorf MP, Rasch M, Hasholt B: Present-day climate at Zackenberg. Adv Ecol Res. 2008, 40: 111-149. full_text.

Bergman P, Molau U, Holmgren B: Micrometeorological impacts on insect activity and plant reproductive success in an alpine environment, Swedish Lapland. Arctic and Alpine Res. 1996, 28: 196-202. 10.2307/1551760.

Arroyo MTK, Armesto JJ, Villagran C: Plant phenological patterns in the high Andean Cordillera of central Chile. J Ecol. 1981, 69: 205-223. 10.2307/2259826.

Jordano P, Bascompte J, Olesen JM: Invariant properties in coevolutionary networks of plant-animal interactions. Ecol Lett. 2003, 6: 69-81. 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00403.x.

Keller EF: Revisiting "scale-free" networks. Bio Essays. 2005, 27: 1060-1068.

Montoya JM, Pimm SL, Sole RV: Ecological networks and their fragility. Nature. 2006, 442: 259-264. 10.1038/nature04927.

Fortuna MA, Bascompte J: Habitat loss and the structure of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Ecol Lett. 2006, 9: 281-286. 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00868.x.

Kudo G, Ito K: Plant distribution in relation to the length of the growing season in a snow-bed in the Taisetsu Mountains, northern Japan. Vegetatio. 1992, 98: 165-174. 10.1007/BF00045554.

Høye TT, Post E, Meltofte H, Schmidt NM, Forchhammer MC: Rapid advancement of spring in the High Arctic. Curr Biol. 2007, 17: R450-10.1016/j.cub.2007.04.047.

Berg TB, Schmidt NM, Høye TT, Aastrup P, Hendrichsen DK, Forchhammer MC, Klein DR: High-arctic plant-herbivore interactions under climate influence. Adv Ecol Res. 2008, 40: 275-298. full_text.

Klein DR, Bruun HH, Lundgren R, Philipp M: Climate change influences on species interrelationships and distributions in high-artic Greenland. Adv Ecol Res. 2008, 40: 81-100. full_text.

Price MV, Waser NM: Effects of experimental warming on plant reproductive phenology in a subalpine meadow. Ecology. 1998, 74: 1262-1271.

Bosch J, Kemp WP, Peterson SS: Management of Osmia Lignaria populations for almond pollination: methods to advance bee emergence. Environ Entomol. 2000, 29: 874-883. 10.1603/0046-225X-29.5.874.

Karlsson B, Wiklund C: Butterfly life history and temperature adaptations; dry open habitats select for increased fecundity and longetivity. J Anim Ecol. 2005, 74: 99-104. 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2004.00902.x.

Kudo G, Suzuki S: Relationship between flowering phenology and fruit-set of dwarf shrubs in Alpine fellfields in Nothern Japan: A comparison with a subarctic heathland in Northern Sweden. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Res. 2002, 34: 185-190. 10.2307/1552470.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Tập 9 Số 1

Thông tin tác giả