Temperature monitoring and sensitivity analysis of tunnel in swelling paleosol layer of the Chinese Loess Plateau
Tóm tắt
The high-temperature swelling and subfreezing frost heave of the tunnel surrounding soil are indispensable parts in analyzing the tunnel stability in swelling soil. In this paper, the physico-mechanical properties of paleosol and loess in the Loess Plateau were compared, and the temperature distribution of the surrounding soil and interior wall of the tunnel in the swelling paleosol layer was measured. The temporal and spatial distributions of high and low temperatures in surrounding soil during construction were compared using the numerical model, and the sensitivity of surrounding soil temperature was discussed. The results show that the Q1 paleosol has the largest dry density, liquid-plastic limit, clay content, clay mineral content, and mechanical strength compared with the loess from the Q3 to Q1 strata. The swelling pressure of the Q1 paleosol gradually decreases with increasing water content, but increases with increasing temperature. During the tunnel excavation in the thick paleosol layer, with the decrease in water content, the surrounding soil temperature and the duration of high-temperature swelling increase under the influence of high-temperature shotcrete, but the surrounding soil temperature and the time to enter subfreezing frost heave decrease under the influence of subzero-temperature air. In analyzing the time required for the surrounding soil temperature to vary to a specific value, the influence of water content should be given priority if the values are 80, 0, and − 10 °C, and the influence of air temperature should be given priority if the values are 60 and 70 °C.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bag R, Rabbani A (2017) Effect of temperature on swelling pressure and compressibility characteristics of soil. Appl Clay Sci 136:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.10.043
Bråtveit K, Bruland A, Brevik O (2016) Rock falls in selected Norwegian hydropower tunnels subjected to hydropeaking. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 52:202–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.003
Brindley GW (1981) Clays, clay minerals. Springer, New York
Butscher C, Breuer S, Blum P (2018) Swelling laws for clay-sulfate rocks revisited. Bull Eng Geol Environ 77:399–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0986-z
Cai H, Li S, Liang Y, Yao Z, Cheng H (2019) Model test and numerical simulation of frost heave during twin-tunnel construction using artificial ground-freezing technique. Comput Geotech 115:103155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103155
Chung JP, Oh S (2015) A residual compensation method for the calibration equation of negative temperature coefficient thermistors. Thermochim Acta 616:27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2015.07.015
Cui SG, Liu P, Su J, Cui EQ, Guo C, Zhu B (2018) Experimental study on mechanical and microstructural properties of cement-based paste for shotcrete use in high-temperature geothermal environment. Constr Build Mater 174:603–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.106
Deng E, Zhao Z, Zhang P, Huang YZ, Li JY (2017) Optimization of the thermal contact resistance within press pack IGBTs. Microelectron Reliab 69:17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2017.01.003
Dixon JM, Kulacki FA (2017) Measurement of the heat transfer coefficient, mixed convection in fluid superposed porous stratum’s. Springer International Publishing, Berlin
Dolinar B, Trauner L (2004) Liquid limit and specific surface of clay particles. Geotech Test J 27:580–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/10.2113/10.4.367
Duan LM, Zhang YH, Lai JX (2015) Hydrochemical changes caused by underground constructions—a case study of the Kattleberg rail tunnel. Eng Geol 191:86–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.03.004
Ezzedine T, Zrelli A (2017) Efficient measurement of temperature, humidity and strain variation by modeling reflection Bragg grating spectrum in WSN. Optik 135:454–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.01.061
Fan WH, Yang P (2019) Ground temperature characteristics during artificial freezing around a subway cross passage. Transp Geotech 20:100250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2019.100250
Garcia GR, Villa RVDL, González MJA (2012) Characterization of loess in central Spain: a microstructural study. Environ Earth Sci 65:2125–2137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1193-7
Guo MM, Wang WL, Wang TC, Wang WX, Kang HL (2020) Impacts of different vegetation restoration options on gully head soil resistance and soil erosion in loess tablelands. Earth Surf Process Landf 45:1038–1050. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4798
Han J, Sun Q, Xing HF, Zhang YL, Sun H (2017) Experimental study on thermo physical properties of clay after high temperature. Appl Therm Eng 111:847–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.168
Hepper EN, Buschiazzo DE, Hevia GG, Urioste A, Antóna L (2006) Clay mineralogy, cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of loess soils with different volcanic ash contents. Geoderma 135:216–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.12.005
Hewlett P, Liska M (2019) Lea’s chemistry of cement and concrete. Elsevier Science, London
Hochstein MP, Prebble WM (2006) Major engineering constructions on top of a high-temperature geothermal system: problems encountered at Tokaanu, New Zealand. Geothermics 35:428–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2006.06.001
Jiang H, Niu F, Ma Q, Jiang W, Hu H, Wang E, Jiao C, Li Z (2021) Thermal characteristics investigation of a high-speed railway tunnel by field monitoring in northeast of China. Transp Geotech 30:100615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100615
Kadri EH, Duval R (2009) Hydration heat kinetics of concrete with silica fume. Constr Build Mater 23:3388–3392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.008
Karl TR (2001) Late Holocene loess deposits and dust accumulation in the alpine meadow belt of the Wutai Shan. China Quat Int 76(77):85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00092-6
Konishi S, Kawakami K, Taguchi M (2016) Inspection method with infrared thermometry for detect void in subway tunnel lining. Procedia Engineering 165:474–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.723
Lai JX, Wang XL, Qiu JL, Zhang GZ, Chen JX, Xie YL, Luo YB (2018) A state-of-the-art review of sustainable energy based freeze proof technology for cold-region tunnels in China. Renew Sust Energ Rev 82:3554–3569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.104
Li CB, Qi JG, Wang SB, Yang LS, Yang WJ, Zou SB, Zhu GF, Li WY (2014) A holistic system approach to understanding underground water dynamics in the loess tableland: a case study of the Dongzhi loess tableland in northwest China. Water Resour Manag 28:2937–2951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0647-6
Li SL, An YH, Wang CQ, Wang DW (2017) Experimental and numerical studies on galloping of the flat-topped main cables for the long span suspension bridge during construction. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 163:24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.01.012
Li Y (2015) Experimental study on thermal conductivity of artificially frozen clay and formation law of temperature field in multi loop pipe. Anhui University of science and technology, Hefei (In Chinese)
Liu TS (1985) Loess and the environment. Science Press, Beijing
Liu W, Zhu J, Zhang H, Ma X, Xie J (2022) Geological conditions of saturated soft loess stratum and influence of tunnel excavation and dewatering system on its groundwater environment. Bull Eng Geol Environ 81:128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02624-z
Ma G, Xiao Y, He X, Li J, Chu J, Liu H (2022) Kaolin-nucleation-based biotreated calcareous sand through unsaturated percolation method. Acta Geotech 17:3181–3193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-022-01459-y
Ma QG, Luo XX, Lai YM, Niu FJ, Gao JQ (2018) Numerical investigation on thermal insulation layer of a tunnel in seasonally frozen regions. Appl Therm Eng 138:280–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.063
Mangus DL, Sharda A, Zhang N (2016) Development and evaluation of thermal infrared imaging system for high spatial and temporal resolution crop water stress monitoring of corn within a greenhouse. Comput Electron Agric 121:149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2015.12.007
Pearson K (1895) Royal Society Proceedings 58:241
Pye K (1995) The narure, origin and accumulation of loess. Quat Sci Rev 14:653–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(95)00047-X
Rock G, Gerhards M, Schlerf M, Hecker C (2016) Plant species discrimination using emissive thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 53:16–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2016.08.005
Rudtsch S, Von Rohden C (2015) Calibration and self-validation of thermistors for high-precision temperature measurements. Measurement 76:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.07.028
Shen SW, Xia CC, Huang JH, Li Y (2015) Influence of seasonal melt stratum depth on the stability of surrounding rock in permafrost regions based on the measurement. Nat Hazards 75:2545–2557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1442-7
Shrestha R, Kim W (2017) Evaluation of coating thickness by thermal wave imaging: a comparative study of pulsed and lock-in infrared thermography-Part I: Simulation. Infrared Phys Technol 83:124–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2017.04.016
Smouse PE, Long JC, Sokal RR (1986) Multiple regression and correlation extensions of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence. Syst Zool 35:627–632. https://doi.org/10.2307/2413122
Standardization Administration of China (SAC), Ministry of Construction (2019) China National Standards GB/T 50123–2019: standard for geotechnical testing method. China Planning Press, Beijing (In Chinese)
Sun XM, Chen F, Miao CY, Song P, Li G, Zhao CW, Xia X (2018) Physical modeling of deformation failure mechanism of surrounding rocks for the deep-buried tunnel in soft rock stratum during the excavation. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 74:247–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.01.022
Tang Y, Xu GB, Lian JJ, Su H, Qu CL (2016) Effect of temperature and humidity on the adhesion strength and damage mechanism of shotcrete-surrounded rock. Constr Build Mater 124:1109–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.126
Teltayev BB, Suppes EA (2019) Temperature and moisture in a highway in the south of Kazakhstan. Transp Geotech 21:100292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2019.100292
Vermesi I, Rein G, Colella F, Valkvist M, Jomaas G (2017) Reducing the computational requirements for simulating tunnel fires by combining multiscale modeling and multiple processor calculation. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 64:146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.12.016
Wang PS, Zhou GQ (2018) Frost-heaving pressure in geotechnical engineering materials during freezing process. Int J Min Sci Technol 28:287–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2017.06.003
Wang YX, Yang JD, Chen J, Zhang KJ, Rao WB (2017) The Sr and Nd isotopic variations of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7 Ma: implications for the East Asian winter monsoon and source areas of loess. Palaeogeogr Paleoclimatol Palaeoecol 249:351–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.010
Xiao Y, Ma G, Wu H, Lu H, Zaman M (2022) Rainfall-induced erosion of biocemented graded slopes. Int J Geomech 22:04021256. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002239
Xing RJ, Jiang SP, Xu P (2017) Long-term temperature monitoring of tunnel in high-cold and high-altitude area using distributed temperature monitoring system. Measurement 95:456–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.10.032
Xiong LY, Tang GA, Li FY, Yuan BY, Lu ZC (2014) Modeling the evolution of loess-covered landforms in the Loess Plateau of China using a DEM of underground bedrock surface. Geomorphology 209:18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.009
Xue XX, Zhang YX, Yue LP (2006) Pale environments indicated by the fossil mammalian assemblages from red clay-loess sequence in the Chinese Loess Plateau since 8.0 Ma B.P. Sci China Ser D 49:518–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-006-0518-y
Yang C, Peng FL, Xu K, Zheng LN (2019) Feasibility study on the geothermal utility tunnel system. Sust Cities Soc 49:101445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101445
Zeng Y, Liu K, Zhou X, Fan L (2017) Tunnel temperature field’s analysis under the couple effect of convection-conduction in cold regions. Appl Therm Eng 120:378–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.143
Zhang F (2019) Spatial pattern and seasonal variation of alkaline precipitation observed in the Gansu Province. NW China Environ Earth Sci 78:417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8442-6
Zhang J, Liu N (2019) Analysis of temperature field of tunnel surrounding rocks in freezing-thawing environment. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 473:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/473/1/012017
Zhang ZG (1980) Loess in china. GeoJournal 4:525–540. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00214218
Zhou X, Zeng Y, Fan L (2016) Temperature field analysis of a cold-region railway tunnel considering mechanical and train-induced ventilation effects. Appl Therm Eng 100:114–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.070
Zhu J, Han S, Zhang H (2022) Compression behavior and structure of undisturbed Q2 loess under wet-dry cycles. Soils Found 62:101165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2022.101165
Zhu J, Zhang H, Wang Z, Yang S, Ding Z (2021) Physico-mechanical properties of thick paleosol in Q1 strata of the Chinese Loess Plateau and their variations during tunnel excavation. Eng Geol 295:106426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106426
Zhu YJ, Jia XX, Shao MG (2018) Loess thickness variations across the Loess Plateau of China. Surv Geophys 39:715–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-018-9462-6
Zhuang JQ, Peng JB, Wang GH, Javed I, Wang Y, Li W (2018) Distribution and characteristics of landslide in loess plateau: a case study in Shaanxi province. Eng Geol 236:89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.03.001
Zisis T, Vasilopoulos K, Sarris I (2022) Numerical simulation of a fire accident in a longitudinally ventilated railway tunnel and tenability analysis. Appl Sci 12:5667. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12115667