Chấp nhận công nghệ, phối hợp theo chiều dọc trong chuỗi giá trị, và Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài tại các quốc gia đang phát triển: Bằng chứng từ lĩnh vực sản xuất sữa ở Ấn Độ (Punjab)

Review of Industrial Organization - Tập 57 - Trang 433-479 - 2020
Saule Burkitbayeva1, Emma Janssen1, Johan Swinnen1,2
1LICOS Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, Department of Economics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
2International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, USA

Tóm tắt

Các chuỗi giá trị (toàn cầu) đã góp phần vào việc áp dụng công nghệ nông nghiệp ở các nước chuyển đổi và các mặt hàng xuất khẩu thực phẩm tại các quốc gia đang phát triển thông qua nhiều hình thức phối hợp theo chiều dọc, thường gắn liền với Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài (FDI). Việc áp dụng công nghệ hiện đại trong nông nghiệp rất quan trọng để cải thiện năng suất và phúc lợi cho những nông dân nghèo. Tuy nhiên, có rất ít thông tin về cách mà các chuỗi giá trị (toàn cầu) ảnh hưởng (hay không ảnh hưởng) đến việc chuyển giao công nghệ và/hoặc việc áp dụng công nghệ trong chuỗi thực phẩm thiết yếu tại các quốc gia đang phát triển, cũng như vai trò của FDI. Bài báo của chúng tôi phân tích vai trò của chuỗi giá trị và FDI trong việc áp dụng công nghệ ở cấp độ trang trại thông qua việc sử dụng dữ liệu panel từ các khảo sát trang trại đại diện được thực hiện vào năm 2008 và 2015 (thời kỳ tăng trưởng nhanh) trong lĩnh vực sản xuất sữa ở Ấn Độ (Punjab). Chúng tôi nhận thấy sự gia tăng quan trọng trong việc áp dụng một số công nghệ ở các trang trại sản xuất sữa truyền thống và nghèo. Tuy nhiên, vai trò của sự phối hợp theo chiều dọc trong các chuỗi giá trị trong việc kích thích áp dụng công nghệ ở những nông dân sản xuất sữa truyền thống này dường như là không đáng kể, cả đối với các công ty trong nước và các công ty FDI. Đồng thời, một tiểu ngành của các trang trại sản xuất sữa hiện đại năng động đã xuất hiện. Những trang trại này lớn hơn nhiều, chỉ sử dụng công nghệ hiện đại và hoàn toàn được tích hợp vào các chuỗi giá trị phối hợp theo chiều dọc hỗ trợ cho quản lý và đầu tư của những trang trại hiện đại này.

Từ khóa

#công nghệ #phối hợp theo chiều dọc #chuỗi giá trị #đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài #quốc gia đang phát triển #sản xuất sữa

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