Targeting melanoma with front-line therapy does not abrogate Nodal-expressing tumor cells

Song, 2015, Overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma, Curr Med Res Opin, 31, 987, 10.1185/03007995.2015.1021904 Gogas, 2007, Chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma: time for a change, Cancer, 109, 455, 10.1002/cncr.22427 Han, 2007, The opposite-direction modulation of CD4+CD25+ Tregs and T helper 1 cells in acute coronary syndromes, Clin Immunol, 124, 90, 10.1016/j.clim.2007.03.546 Hodi, 2010, Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma, N Engl J Med, 363, 711, 10.1056/NEJMoa1003466 Chapman, 2011, Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation, N Engl J Med, 364, 2507, 10.1056/NEJMoa1103782 Ascierto, 2013, Phase II trial (BREAK-2) of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436) in patients with metastatic melanoma, J Clin Oncol, 31, 3205, 10.1200/JCO.2013.49.8691 Glaherty, 2012, Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma, N Engl J Med, 367, 107, 10.1056/NEJMoa1203421 Topalian, 2012, Safety, activity, and immune correlates of PD-1 antibody in cancer, N Engl J Med, 366, 2443, 10.1056/NEJMoa1200690 Hardy, 2015, Targeting Nodal in conjunction with Dacarbazine induces synergistic anticancer effects in metastatic melanoma, Mol Cancer Res, 13, 670, 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-14-0077 Klinac, 2013, Advances in personalized targeted treatment of metastatic melanoma and non-invasive tumor monitoring, Front Oncol, 3, 54, 10.3389/fonc.2013.00054 Roesch, 2015, Tumor heterogeneity and plasticity as elusive drivers for resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition in melanoma, Oncogene, 64, 2951, 10.1038/onc.2014.249 Ascierto, 2015, Immunotherapies and novel combinations: the focus of advances in the treatment of melanoma, Cancer Immunol Immunother, 64, 271, 10.1007/s00262-014-1647-3 Topczewska, 2006, Embryonic and tumorigenic pathways converge via Nodal signaling: role in melanoma aggressiveness, Nature Med, 12, 925, 10.1038/nm1448 Hendrix, 2007, Reprogramming metastatic tumour cells with embryonic microenvironments, Nature Rev Cancer, 7, 246, 10.1038/nrc2108 Postovit, 2008, Human embryonic stem cell microenvironment suppresses the tumorigenic phenotype of aggressive cancer cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105, 4329, 10.1073/pnas.0800467105 Strizzi, 2009, Nodal as a biomarker for melanoma progression and a new therapeutic target for clinical intervention, Expert Rev Dermatol, 4, 67, 10.1586/17469872.4.1.67 Strizzi, 2012, Potential for the embryonic morphogen Nodal as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in breast cancer, Breast Cancer Res, 14, R75, 10.1186/bcr3185 Bodenstine, 2016, Plasticity underlines tumor progression: role of Nodal signaling, Cancer Met Rev, 35, 21, 10.1007/s10555-016-9605-5 Strizzi, 2015, Effects of a novel Nodal-targeting monoclonal antibody in melanoma, Oncotarget, 6, 34071, 10.18632/oncotarget.6049 Long, 2011, Prognostic and clinicopathologic associations of oncogenic BRAF in metastatic melanoma, J Clin Oncol, 29, 1239, 10.1200/JCO.2010.32.4327 Lyle, 2016, The molecular profile of metastatic melanoma in Australia, Pathology, 48, 188, 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.008 Wilmott, 2012, Selective BRAF inhibitors induce marked T-cell infiltration into human metastatic melanoma, Clin Cancer Res, 18, 1386, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2479 Long, 2013, Effects of BRAF inhibitors on human melanoma tissue before treatment, early during treatment, and on progression, Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, 26, 499, 10.1111/pcmr.12098 Gaddameedji, 2010, Similar nucleotide excision repair capacity in melanocytes and melanoma cells, Cancer Res, 70, 4922, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-0095 Matsumoto, 2009, Monitoring with a non-invasive bioluminescent in vivo imaging system of pleural metastasis of lung carcinoma, Lung Cancer, 66, 75, 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.12.010 Goldman, 2011, Use of the ODD-luciferase transgene for the non-invasive imaging of spontaneous tumors in mice, PLoS One, 6, e18269, 10.1371/journal.pone.0018269 Yu, 2010, Expression of the embryonic morphogen Nodal in cutaneous melanocytic lesions, Mod Pathol, 23, 1209, 10.1038/modpathol.2010.101 Mendoza, 2013, A novel noninvasive method for evaluating experimental lung metastasis in mice, J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci, 52, 584 Zhang, 2015, BRAF inhibitors: the current and the future, Curr Opin Pharmacol, 23, 68, 10.1016/j.coph.2015.05.015 Spagnolo, 2014, Overcoming resistance to BRAF inhibition in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma, Oncotarget, 5, 10206, 10.18632/oncotarget.2602 Ashworth, 2014, Combinatorial approach to treatment of melanoma, Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 28, 601, 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.03.002 Ugurel, 2016, Survival of patients with advanced metastatic melanoma: The impact of novel therapies, Eur J Cancer, 53, 125, 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.09.013 Yang, 2016, Cancer stem cells, metabolism, and therapeutic significance, Tumour Biol, 37, 5735, 10.1007/s13277-016-4945-x Murphy, 2014, Stem cells and targeted approaches to melanoma care, Mol Aspects Med, 39, 33, 10.1016/j.mam.2013.10.003 Arnold, 2009, Making a commitment: cell lineage allocation and axis patterning in the early mouse embryo, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 10, 91, 10.1038/nrm2618 Schier, 2009, Nodal morphogens, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 1, a003459, 10.1101/cshperspect.a003459 Paulkin, 2015, Activin/Nodal signaling in stem cells, Development, 142, 607, 10.1242/dev.091769 Quail, 2013, Nodal signaling in embryogenesis and tumourigenesis, Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 45, 885, 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.12.021 Lonardo, 2011, Nodal/Activin signaling drives self-renewal and tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer stem cells and provides a target for combined drug therapy, Cell Stem Cell, 9, 433, 10.1016/j.stem.2011.10.001 Smalley, 2006, Multiple signaling pathways must be targeted to overcome drug resistance in cell lines derived from melanoma metastases, Mol Cancer Ther, 5, 1136, 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0084