Targeted therapy comes of age in scleroderma

McKown, 2000, Induction of immune tolerance to human type I collagen in patients with systemic sclerosis by oral administration of bovine type I collagen, Arthritis Rheum., 43, 1054, 10.1002/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1054::AID-ANR14>3.0.CO;2-W Furst, 2004, High dose immunotherapy with stem cell rescue in severe systemic sclerosis: an idea that is moving forward, J. Rheumatol., 31, 2331 Burt, 2004, The rationale behind autologous autoimmune hematopoietic stem cell transplant conditioning regimens: concerns over the use of total-body irradiation in systemic sclerosis, Bone Marrow Transplant., 34, 745, 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704671 Farge, 2004, EBMT/EULAR Registry. Autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: report from the EBMT/EULAR Registry, Ann. Rheum. Dis., 63, 974, 10.1136/ard.2003.011205 Beon, 2004, Myofibroblast induction and microvascular alteration in scleroderma lung fibrosis, Clin. Exp. Rheumatol., 22, 733 Tan, 2003, Examination of the possible role of biologically relevant genes around FBN1 in systemic sclerosis in the Choctaw population, Arthritis Rheum., 48, 3295, 10.1002/art.11280 Zhou, 2003, Genome-wide association study for regions of systemic sclerosis susceptibility in a Choctaw Indian population with high disease prevalence, Arthritis Rheum., 48, 2585, 10.1002/art.11220 Tan, 2001, Association of fibrillin 1 single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes with systemic sclerosis in Choctaw and Japanese populations, Arthritis Rheum., 44, 893, 10.1002/1529-0131(200104)44:4<893::AID-ANR146>3.0.CO;2-3 Siracusa, 1996, A tandem duplication within the fibrillin 1 gene is associated with the mouse tight skin mutation, Genome Res., 6, 300, 10.1101/gr.6.4.300 Feghali-Bostwick, 2003, Analysis of systemic sclerosis in twins reveals low concordance for disease and high concordance for the presence of antinuclear antibodies, Arthritis Rheum., 48, 1956, 10.1002/art.11173 Maricq, 1989, Prevalence of scleroderma spectrum disorders in the general population of South Carolina, Arthritis Rheum., 32, 998, 10.1002/anr.1780320809 Silman, 1988, An epidemiological study of scleroderma in the West Midlands, Br. J. Rheumatol., 27, 286, 10.1093/rheumatology/27.4.286 Allcock, 2004, A study of the prevalence of systemic sclerosis in northeast England, Rheumatology (Oxford), 43, 596, 10.1093/rheumatology/keh124 Bunn, 1999, Systemic sclerosis: an autoantibody mosaic, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 117, 207, 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00990.x Bunn, 1998, Anti-RNA polymerases and other autoantibody specificities in systemic sclerosis, Br. J. Rheumatol., 37, 15, 10.1093/rheumatology/37.1.15 Tormey, 2001, Anti-fibrillarin antibodies in systemic sclerosis, Rheumatology (Oxford), 40, 1157, 10.1093/rheumatology/40.10.1157 Gentiletti, 2005, Demonstration of autoimmunity in the tight skin-2 mouse: a model for scleroderma, J. Immunol., 175, 2418, 10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2418 Furst, 2001, Effects of the American College of Rheumatology systemic sclerosis trial guidelines on the nature of systemic sclerosis patients entering a clinical trial, Rheumatology (Oxford), 40, 615, 10.1093/rheumatology/40.6.615 Ruzek, 2004, A modified model of graft-versus-host-induced systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) exhibits all major aspects of the human disease, Arthritis Rheum., 50, 1319, 10.1002/art.20160 Zhang, 2003, Latency-associated peptide prevents skin fibrosis in murine sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease, a model for human scleroderma, J. Invest. Dermatol., 121, 713, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12517.x Christner, 2004, Animal models of systemic sclerosis: insights into systemic sclerosis pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches, Curr. Opin. Rheumatol., 16, 746, 10.1097/01.bor.0000137893.68929.86 Worda, 2003, In vivo analysis of the apoptosis-inducing effect of anti-endothelial cell antibodies in systemic sclerosis by the chorionallantoic membrane assay, Arthritis Rheum., 48, 2605, 10.1002/art.11179 Kahaleh, 2004, Raynaud phenomenon and the vascular disease in scleroderma, Curr. Opin. Rheumatol., 16, 718, 10.1097/01.bor.0000138677.88694.a4 Khanna, 2005, Correlation of the degree of dyspnea with health-related quality of life, functional abilities, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in patients with systemic sclerosis and active alveolitis: results from the Scleroderma Lung Study, Arthritis Rheum., 52, 592, 10.1002/art.20787 Morton, 2000, Cyclosporin and tacrolimus: their use in a routine clinical setting for scleroderma, Rheumatology (Oxford), 39, 865, 10.1093/rheumatology/39.8.865 Shegogue, 2004, Mammalian target of rapamycin positively regulates collagen type I production via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent pathway, J. Biol. Chem., 279, 23166, 10.1074/jbc.M401238200 Farge, 2004, EBMT/EULAR Registry. Autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: report from the EBMT/EULAR Registry, Ann. Rheum. Dis., 63, 974, 10.1136/ard.2003.011205 Stratton, 2001, Pilot study of anti-thymocyte globulin plus mycophenolate mofetil in recent-onset diffuse scleroderma, Rheumatology (Oxford), 40, 84, 10.1093/rheumatology/40.1.84 Clements, 1999, High-dose versus low-dose D-penicillamine in early diffuse systemic sclerosis: analysis of a two-year, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, Arthritis Rheum., 42, 1194, 10.1002/1529-0131(199906)42:6<1194::AID-ANR16>3.0.CO;2-7 Clements, 2004, High-dose versus low-dose D-penicillamine in early diffuse systemic sclerosis trial: lessons learned, Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 33, 249, 10.1053/S0049-0172(03)00135-5 Seibold, 2000, Recombinant human relaxin in the treatment of scleroderma. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Ann. Intern. Med., 132, 871, 10.7326/0003-4819-132-11-200006060-00004 Pines, 2003, Halofuginone to treat fibrosis in chronic graft-versus-host disease and scleroderma, Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant., 9, 417, 10.1016/S1083-8791(03)00151-4 Azuma, 2005, Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 171, 1040, 10.1164/rccm.200404-571OC Negri, 2004, Prevention of progressive fibrosis in chronic renal diseases: antifibrotic agents, J. Nephrol., 17, 496 Varga, 2004, Antifibrotic therapy in scleroderma: extracellular or intracellular targeting of activated fibroblasts?, Curr. Rheumatol. Rep., 6, 164, 10.1007/s11926-004-0062-8 Denton, 2003, Fibroblast-specific expression of a kinase-deficient type II transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor leads to paradoxical activation of TGFβ signaling pathways with fibrosis in transgenic mice, J. Biol. Chem., 278, 25109, 10.1074/jbc.M300636200 Denton, 2005, Activation of key profibrotic mechanisms in transgenic fibroblasts expressing kinase-deficient type II transforming growth factor β receptor, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 16053, 10.1074/jbc.M413134200 Channick, 2001, Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a randomised placebo-controlled study, Lancet, 358, 1119, 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06250-X Mayes, 2003, Endothelin and endothelin receptor antagonists in systemic rheumatic disease, Arthritis Rheum., 48, 1190, 10.1002/art.10895