Targeted bile acids and gut microbiome profiles reveal the hepato-protective effect of WZ tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera extract) against LCA-induced cholestasis

Michael, 1998, Molecular pathogenesis of cholestasis [J], N Engl J Med, 339, 1217, 10.1056/NEJM199810223391707 Ghonem, 2015, On Fibrates and cholestasis: a review [J], Hepatology, 62, 635, 10.1002/hep.27744 Kotb, 2012, Molecular mechanisms of ursodeoxycholic acid toxicity & side effects: ursodeoxycholic acid freezes regeneration & induces hibernation mode [J], Int J Mol Sci, 13, 8882, 10.3390/ijms13078882 Ridlon, 2006, Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria [J], J Lipid Res, 47, 241, 10.1194/jlr.R500013-JLR200 Carey, 1966, The metabolism of bile acids with special reference to liver injury [J], Medicine (Baltimore), 45, 461, 10.1097/00005792-196645060-00009 Susan, 1998, Extrahepatic deposition and cytotoxicity of lithocholic acid: studies in two hamster models of hepatic failure and in cultured human fibroblasts [J], Hepatology, 27, 546, 10.1002/hep.510270232 Lucangioli, 2009, Lithocholic acid as a biomarker of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy during ursodeoxycholic acid treatment [J], Ann Clin Biochem, 46, 44, 10.1258/acb.2008.008130 Wang, 2012, Pregnane X receptor mediated-transcription regulation of CYP3A by glycyrrhizin: a possible mechanism for its hepatoprotective property against lithocholic acid-induced injury [J], Chem Biol Interact, 200, 11, 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.08.023 Ridlon, 2014, Bile acids and the gut microbiome [J], Curr Opin Gastroenterol, 30, 332, 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000057 Fan, 2015, Therapeutic efficacy of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera Extract) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through a mechanism distinct from N-acetylcysteine [J], Drug Metab Dispos, 43, 317, 10.1124/dmd.114.062067 Young, 2011, Trans-criptome analysis of the effects of Gomisin A on the recovery of carbon tetrachloride-induced damage in rat liver [J], Lab Anim Res, 27, 161, 10.5625/lar.2011.27.2.161 Zeng, 2017, Schisandra sphenanthera extract (Wuzhi Tablet) protects against chronic-binge and acute alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating the NRF2-ARE pathway in mice [J], Acta Pharm Sin B, 7, 583, 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.04.002 Zeng, 2016, Hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra sphenanthera extract against lithocholic acid-induced cholestasis in male mice are associated with activation of the pregnane X receptor pathway and promotion of liver regeneration [J], Drug Metab Dispos, 44, 337, 10.1124/dmd.115.066969 Bi, 2013, Targeted metabolomics of serum acylcarnitines evaluates hepatoprotective effect of Wuzhi tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera Extract) against acute acetaminophen toxicity [J], Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013, 10.1155/2013/985257 Staudinger, 2001, Coordinate regulation of xenobiotic and bile acid homeostasis by pregnane X receptor [J], Drug Metab Dispos, 29, 1467 Staudinger, 2001, The nuclear receptor PXR is a lithocholic acid sensor that protects against liver toxicity [J], Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 3369, 10.1073/pnas.051551698 Chen, 2017, p53-mediated regulation of bile acid disposition attenuates cholic acid-induced cholestasis in mice [J], Br J Pharmacol, 174, 4345, 10.1111/bph.14035 Bock, 2012, Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: feedback loops between substrates and ligands of their transcription factors [J], Biochem Pharmacol, 84, 1000, 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.009 Zeng, 2017, Schisandrol B protects against cholestatic liver injury through pregnane X receptors [J], Br J Pharmacol, 174, 672, 10.1111/bph.13729 Jose, 1991, Cloning expressing and regulation of lithocholic acid 6 bata-hydroxylase [J], J Biol Chem, 266, 21030, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54816-X Dethlefsen, 2007, An ecological and evolutionary perspective on human-microbe mutualism and disease [J], Nature, 449, 811, 10.1038/nature06245 Gerard, 2013, Metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids by the gut microbiota [J], Pathogens, 3, 14, 10.3390/pathogens3010014 Mullish, 2018, Functional microbiomics: evaluation of gut microbiota-bile acid metabolism interactions in health and disease [J], Methods, 10, 149 Yokota, 2012, Is bile acid a determinant of the gut microbiota on a high fat diet [J], Gut Microbes, 3, 455, 10.4161/gmic.21216 Islam, 2011, Bile acid is a host factor that regulates the composition of the cecal microbiota in rats [J], Gastroenterology, 141, 1773, 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.046 Sagar, 2015, The interplay of the gut microbiome, bile acids, and volatile organic compounds [J], Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2015, 10.1155/2015/398585 Begley, 2005, The interaction between bacteria and bile [J], FEMS Microbiol Rev, 29, 625, 10.1016/j.femsre.2004.09.003 Kakiyama, 2013, Modulation of the fecal bile acid profile by gut microbiota in cirrhosis [J], J Hepatol, 58, 949, 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.003 Ridlon, 2013, Cirrhosis, bile acids and gut microbiota: unraveling a complex relationship [J], Gut Microbes, 4, 382, 10.4161/gmic.25723 Ridlon, 2015, The human gut sterolbiome: bile acid-microbiome endocrine aspects and therapeutics [J], Acta Pharm Sin B, 5, 99, 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.006 Liu, 2019, The gut microbiota at the intersection of bile acids and intestinal carcinogenesis: an old story, yet mesmerizing. [J], Int J Cance, 146, 1780, 10.1002/ijc.32563 Venkatesh, 2014, Symbiotic bacterial metabolites regulate gastrointestinal barrier function via the xenobiotic sensor PXR and Toll-like receptor 4 [J], Immunity, 41, 296, 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.014 Qiu, 2016, Pregnane X receptor regulates pathogen- induced inflammation and host defense against an intracellular bacterial infection through toll-like receptor 4 [J], Sci Rep, 6, 10.1038/srep31936