THE IMPORTANCE OF CERTAIN ASSEMBLAGES OF BIRDS AS “INFORMATION‐CENTRES” FOR FOOD‐FINDING

Ibis - Tập 115 Số 4 - Trang 517-534 - 1973
Peter D. Ward1, Amotz Zahavi2
1Centre for Overseas Pest Research, College House, Wrights Lane, London W8 5SJ
2Institute for Nature Conservation Research, University of Tel-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel

Tóm tắt

SummaryEvidence is presented to support the hypothesis that communal roosts, breeding colonies and certain other bird assemblages have been evolved primarily for the efficient exploitation of unevenly‐distributed food sources by serving as “information‐centres”.Predation‐pressure is regarded as being the most important factor “shaping” the assemblages. The shaping involves the choice of inaccessible or otherwise safe sites, optimum dispersal, mutual awareness of attack and joint defensive tactics, and serves to minimise the vulnerability to predation which would otherwise result when birds mass together in conspicuous, and often predictable centres.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Armstrong E. A., 1946, The coloration of sea‐birds, Birds of Britain, 2, 15

Armstrong E. A.1955.The Wren. London .

Ashmole N. P., 1963, The biology of the Wideawake or Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata on Ascension Island, Birds of Britain, 103, 297

10.2307/1365755

Bogucki Z., 1972, Investigations on the daily activity of the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris, Linnaeus 1758) during the breeding season, Acta zool. Cracov., 17, 97

10.2307/4067557

10.2307/2401507

Crook J. H., 1964, The evolution of social organization and visual communication in the weaver‐birds (Ploceidae). Behav, Suppl., 10, 1

Crook J. H., 1965, The adaptive significance of avian social organizations, Symp. zool. Soc. Lond., 14, 181

Darling F. F.1938.Bird flocks and the breeding cycle. Cambridge.

Ffrench R. P., 1967, The Dickcissel on its wintering grounds in Trinidad, Living Bird, 6, 123

Fisher J.1954.Evolution and bird sociality. InJ.Huxley A. C.Hardy&E. B.Ford (Eds.) ’Evolution as a Process’. London.

Fisher J.&Lockley R. M.1954.Sea‐birds. London.

Fogden M. P. L.1970.Some aspects of the ecology of bird populations in Sarawak.D. Phil. thesis Oxford University.

Forshaw J. M.1969.Australian Parrots. Melbourne.

Frith H. J.1967.Waterfowl in Australia. Sydney.

Fry C. H., 1972, The social organisation of the bee‐eaters (Meropidae) and co‐operative breeding in hot climate birds, Living Bird, 114, 1

Gadgil M., 1972, The function of communal roosts: relevance of mixed roosts, Living Bird, 114, 531

Gurr L., 1968, Communal roosting behaviour of the Australasian Harrier Circus approximans in New Zealand, Living Bird, 110, 332

10.1086/282303

Hailman J. P., 1964, The Galapagos Swallow‐tailed Gull is nocturnal, Wilson Bull., 76, 347

Harris M. P., 1969, The biology of storm petrels in the Galapagos Islands, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 37, 95

10.2307/4083917

Hinde R. A.1961.Behaviour. InA. J.Marshall (Ed.) ‘Biology and Comparative Physiology of Birds’. London.

10.2307/1935532

10.2307/1366470

Immelmann K., 1962, Beiträge zu einer vergleichenden Biologie Australischer Prachtfinken (Spermestidae). Zool., Jahrb. Syst., 90, 1

Koford C. B., 1953, The Californian Condor, Natl Audubon Soc. Res. Rep., 4, 1

10.1111/j.1474-919X.1972.tb00852.x

Kruuk H., 1964, Predators and anti‐predator behaviour of the Black‐headed Gull (Larus ridibundus). Behav, Suppl., 11, 1

Lack D.1968 Ecological adaptations for breeding in birds London.

Löhrl H., 1955, Schlafgewohnheiten der Baumläufer (Certhia brachydactyla, C. familiaris) und anderer Kleinvögel in kaltern Winternächten, Vogelwarte, 18, 71

McClure H. E., 1967, The composition of mixed‐species flocks in lowland and sub‐montane forests of Malaya, Wilson Bull., 79, 131

Meinertzhagen R., 1956, Roost of wintering harriers, Wilson Bull., 98, 535

Mitchell R. T., 1963, The floodlight trap, A device for capturing large numbers of blackbirds and starlings at roosts. U.S. Fish & Wildl. Service Spec. Sci. Rep., 77, 1

Moffat C. B., 1931, A Pied Wagtail roost in Dublin, Br. Birds, 24, 364

Moynihan M., 1962, The organization and probable evolution of some mixed species flocks of neotropical birds, Smiths, misc. Coll., 143, 1

Neff J. A., 1957, Blackbirds and the Arkansas rice crop, Ark. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull., 584, 1

Newton I.1972.Finches. London.

10.2307/4077145

10.2307/1365626

Phillips G. C.1962.Survival value of the white coloration of gulls and other sea‐birds.D.Phil. thesis Oxford University.

10.1111/j.1474-919X.1955.tb04983.x

10.1080/00359197109519131

10.1080/00306525.1971.9634388

Smythies B. E.1960.The birds of Borneo. Edinburgh.

Snow B. K., 1967, The breeding cycle of the Swallow‐tailed Gull Creagrus furcatus, Ostrich, 109, 14

Spencer K. G., 1966, Some notes on the roosting behaviour of Starlings, Naturalist, 898, 73

Spitz F., 1964, Répartition écologique des Anatidés et limicoles de la zone maritime du sud de la Vendée, Terre et Vie, 18, 452

Stewart D. R. M., 1959, The Red‐billed Quelea in Northern Rhodesia, Nth. Rhod. J., 4, 55

Tamisier A., 1970, Signification du gregarisme diurne et l'alimentation nocturne des Sarcelles d'Hiver Anas crecca crecca L, Terre et Vie, 24, 511

Thompson W. L., 1963, The biology and population structure of Starlings at an urban roost, Wilson Bull., 75, 358

Ward P., 1965, Feeding ecology of the Black‐faced Dioch Quelea quelea in Nigeria, Wilson Bull., 107, 173

Ward P., 1965, The breeding biology of the Black‐faced Dioch Quelea quelea in Nigeria, Wilson Bull., 107, 326

Ward P., 1971, The migration patterns of Quelea quelea in Africa, Wilson Bull., 113, 275

Ward P., 1972, The functional significance of mass drinking flights by sandgrouse: Pteroclididae, Wilson Bull., 114, 533

Ward P., 1972, Synchronisation of the annual cycle within populations of Quelea quelea in East Africa, Proc. Int. Orn. Congr., 15, 702

Wynne‐Edwards V. C.1962.Animal dispersion in relation to social behaviour. Edinburgh.

Young C. M., 1970, Shelduck parliaments, Ardea, 58, 125

Zahavi A., 1971, The function of pre‐roost gatherings and communal roosts, Ardea, 113, 106

Zahavi A., 1971, The social behaviour of the White Wagtail Motacilla alba alba wintering in Israel, Ardea, 113, 203