THE EVOLUTION OF WING DIMORPHISM IN INSECTS

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution - Tập 40 Số 5 - Trang 1009-1020 - 1986
Derek A. Roff1
1McGill University; Department of Biology; 1205 Avenue Dr. Penfield Montréal Quebec H3A 1B1 Canada

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Ammar, 1973, Factors related to the two wing forms in Javesella pellucida (FAB) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Z. Ang. Ent., 74, 211, 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1973.tb01800.x

Anderson, 1973, Seasonal polymorphism and developmental changes in organs of flight and reproduction in bivoltine pondskaters (Hem. Gerridae), Entomol. Scand., 4, 1, 10.1163/187631273X00011

Anderson, 1973, Ultra-structural changes during growth of the flight muscles in the adult tsetse fly, Glossina austeni, J. Insect Physiol., 19, 1989, 10.1016/0022-1910(73)90193-5

Ando, 1982, Occurrence and biology of a long winged form of Conocephalus discolor, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 32, 238, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1982.tb03212.x

Andrewartha, 1953, The Distribution and Abundance of Animals

Arai, 1978, Effects of environmental conditions on the wing form and growth in Gryllodes sigillatus Walker (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Jap. J. Ecol., 28, 135

Balboni, 1967, The respiratory metabolism of insect flight muscle during adult maturation, J. Insect Physiol., 13, 1849, 10.1016/0022-1910(67)90021-2

Barr, 1967, Observations on the ecology of caves, Amer. Natur., 101, 475, 10.1086/282512

Bland, 1969, A histological and biometrical study of wing development in the grasshopper Melanoplus lakinus, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 62, 419, 10.1093/aesa/62.2.419

Boer, 1981, On the survival of populations in a heterogeneous and variable environment, Oecologia, 50, 39, 10.1007/BF00378792

Bowden, 1963, A recessive lethal, “wingless” in Pieris napi L. (Lep., Pieridae), Entomologist, 96, 52

Brinkhurst, 1959, Alary polymorphism in the Gerroidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera), J. Anim. Ecol., 28, 211, 10.2307/2079

Brues, 1954, Classification of insects, Harvard Univ. Mus. Comp. Zool. Bull., 108, 1

Buschinger, 1978, Genetish bendigte entstehung gefügelter weibchen bei der sklavenhaltenden ameise Harpagoxenus sublaevis (Nyl.) (genetically induced origin of alate females in the slavemaker ant Harpagoxenus sublaevis Hymenoptera formicidae), Insectes Soc., 25, 163, 10.1007/BF02224255

Caldwell, 1969, Heritability of flight duration in the milkweed bug Lygaeus kalmii, Nature, 223, 91, 10.1038/223091a0

Caswell, 1960, Observations on an abnormal form of Callosobruchus maculatus, Bull. Entomol. Res., 50, 671, 10.1017/S0007485300054705

Chapman, 1956, Flight-muscle changes during adult life in a scolytid beetle, Nature, 177, 1183, 10.1038/1771183a0

C.S.I.R.O, 1970, The Insects of Australia

Kort, 1969, Hormones and the structural biochemical properties of the flight muscles in the Colorado beetle, Meded. Land. Wageningen, 69, 1

Denno, 1978, The optimum population strategy for planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in stable marsh habitats, Can. Entomol., 110, 135, 10.4039/Ent110135-2

Denno, 1979, The relation between habitat stability and the migratory tactics of planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 11, 41

Denno, 1980, Migration in heterogeneous environments: Differences in habitat selection between the wing forms of the dimorphic planthopper, Prokelisia marginata (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Ecology, 61, 859, 10.2307/1936756

Derr, 1981, Insect life histories in relation to migration, body size and host plant array: A comparative study of Dysdercus, J. Anim. Ecol., 50, 181, 10.2307/4039

Dingle, 1968, The influence of environment and heredity on flight activity in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus, J. Exp. Biol., 48, 175, 10.1242/jeb.48.1.175

Dingle, 1978, Evolution of Insect Migration and Diapause, 254, 10.1007/978-1-4615-6941-1_11

Dingle, 1979, Movement of Highly Mobile Insects: Concepts and Methodologies in Research, 64

Dingle, 1980, Animal Migration, Orientation, and Navigation, 1, 10.1016/B978-0-08-091833-4.50006-7

Dingle, 1982, Function of migration in the seasonal synchronization of insects, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 31, 36, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1982.tb03117.x

Dingle, 1973, Experimental studies of migration in bugs of the genus Dysdercus, Oecologia, 12, 119, 10.1007/BF00345512

Dixon, 1972, Fecundity of brachypterous and macropterous alatae in Drepanosiphum dixoni (Callaphididae, Aphididae), Entomol. Exp. Appl., 15, 335, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1972.tb00218.x

Dixon, 1971, Laboratory studies on aggregation, size and fecundity in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scop, Bull. Entomol. Res., 61, 97, 10.1017/S0007485300057485

Dobzhansky, 1951, Genetics and the Origin of Species

Dubinin, 1937, Intraspecific chromosome variability, B. Zh., 6, 1007

Dybas, 1960, A new genus of blind beetles from a cave in South Africa, Fieldiana, Zool., 39, 339

Ekblom, 1928, Vererbungsbiologische Studien über Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Hereditas, 10, 333, 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02480.x

Ekblom, 1941, Untersuchungen über den Flugeldimorphismus bei Gerris asper L, Notulae Ent., 21, 49

Ekblom, 1949, Neue untersuchungen über den flügelpolymorphismus bei Gerris asper, Fieb. Notulae Ent., 29, 1

Eker, 1935, The short-wing gene in Drosophila melanogaster and the effect of temperature on its manifestation, J. Genetics, 30, 357, 10.1007/BF02982244

Elton, 1930, Animal Ecology and Evolution

Falconer, 1981, Introduction to Quantitative Genetics

Ghouri, 1958, Occurrence of a macropterous form of Gryllodes sigillatus (Walker) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in laboratory culture, Can. J. Zool., 36, 837, 10.1139/z58-069

Guibé, 1939, Contribution à l'étude d'une espèce: Apterina pedestris Meigen (Diptera) Bull, Biol. France et Belg. Suppl., 26, 1

Hackman, 1964, On reduction and loss of wings in Diptera. Notul. Ent, Helsinki, 44, 73

Hamilton, 1978, Evolution and diversity under bark, Symp. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond., 9, 154

Hamilton, 1977, Dispersal in stable habitats, Nature, 269, 578, 10.1038/269578a0

Hanson, 1981, Logistic growth with random density independent disasters, Theoret. Popul. Biol., 19, 1, 10.1016/0040-5809(81)90032-0

Harrison, 1979, Flight polymorphism in the field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus, Oecologia, 40, 125, 10.1007/BF00347930

Harrison, 1980, Dispersal polymorphism in insects, Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 11, 95, 10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000523

Hastings, 1982, Dynamics of a single species in a spatially varying environment: The stabilizing role of high dispersal rates, J. Math. Biol., 16, 49, 10.1007/BF00275160

Hocking, 1953, The intrinsic range and speed of flight in insects, Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond., 104, 223

Honek, 1976a, Factors influencing the wing polymorphism in Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae), Zool. Jb. Syst. Bd., 103, 1

Honek, 1976b, The regulation of wing polymorphism in natural populations of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae), Zool. Jb. Syst. Bd., 103, 547

Honek, 1979, Independent response of two characters to selection for insensitivity to photoperiod in Pyrrhocoris apterus, Experientia, 35, 762, 10.1007/BF01968231

Inglesfield, 1983, The ontogeny and cost of migration in Drosophila subobscura, Collin. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 19, 9, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1983.tb00772.x

Jackson, 1928, The inheritance of long and short wings in the weevil, Sitona hispidula, with a discussion of wing reduction among beetles, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 55, 665, 10.1017/S0080456800013351

Jackson, 1956a, Observations of flying and flightless water beetles, J. Linn. Soc. Zool., 43, 18, 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1956.tb02505.x

Jackson, 1956b, Dimorphism of the metatarsal wings in Agabus raffrayi Sharp and A. labiatus Brahm (Col. Dytiscidae) and its relation to capacity for flight, Proc. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (A), 31, 1

Johnson, 1976, Insect Flight. Symp. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond. No. 7, 217

Kalmus, 1945, Correlations between flight and vision, and particularly between wings and ocelli, in insects, Proc. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London (A), 20, 84, 10.1111/j.1365-3032.1945.tb01072.x

Kearns, 1934, Method of wing inheritance in Cephalonomia gallicola Ashmead (Bethylidae: Hymenoptera), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 27, 533, 10.1093/aesa/27.4.533

Kimura, 1977, Brachypterism and seasonal adaptation in Orgyia thyellina Butler (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae), Kontyu, 45, 97

Kisimoto, 1965, Studies on the polymorphism and its role playing in the population growth of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal, Bull. Shikoku Agric. Exp. Sta., 13, 1

Kuno, 1981, Dispersal and the persistence of populations in unstable habitats: A theoretical note, Oecologia, 49, 123, 10.1007/BF00376909

Kvenberg, 1974, Comparison of alate offspring produced by two biotypes of the greenbug, Environ. Entomol., 3, 407, 10.1093/ee/3.3.407

Lamb, 1979, Variability in migratory tendency within and among natural populations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Oecologia, 39, 289, 10.1007/BF00345440

Langor, 1983, Alary polymorphism and life history of a colonizing ground beetle, Bembidion lampros Herbst (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Coleop. Bull., 37, 365

Larsén, 1966, On the morphology and function of the locomotor organs of the Gyrinidae and other Coleoptera, Opusc. Ent. Suppl., 30, 1

Leigh, 1981, The average lifetime of a population in a varying environment, J. Theoret. Biol., 90, 213, 10.1016/0022-5193(81)90044-8

Lindroth, 1946, Inheritance of wing dimorphism in Pterostichus anthracinus Ill, Hereditas, 32, 37, 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1946.tb02769.x

Mahmud, 1980, Alary polymorphism in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Entomol. Exp. Appl., 28, 47, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1980.tb02986.x

Manjunath, 1972, Biological studies on Trichogammatoidea armigera Nagaraja, a new dimorphic egg parasite of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) in India, Entomophaga, 17, 131, 10.1007/BF02371125

Manjunath, 1977, A note on oviposition in the macropterous and brachypterous forms of the rice brown planthopper. Nilaparvata lugens, Homoptera, Delphacidae, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Sect. B, 86, 405, 10.1007/BF03051370

May, 1975, Study of two forms of the adult Stenocranus minutus, Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond., 127, 241, 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1975.tb00573.x

McCaffery, 1978, Factors influencing the production of long-winged Zonocerus variegatus, J. Insect Physiol., 24, 465, 10.1016/0022-1910(78)90047-1

McCoy, 1981, Patterns of abundance, distribution and alary polymorphism among the salt marsh Delphacidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) of Northwest Florida, Ecol. Entomol., 6, 285, 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1981.tb00615.x

Mitsuhashi, 1974, Folic acid as a dietary factor affecting the wing morph of the planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), Entomol. Exp. Appl., 17, 77, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1974.tb00320.x

Mochida, 1973, The characters of the two wing-forms of Javesella pelucida (F.) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) with special reference to reproduction, Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond., 125, 177, 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1973.tb00541.x

Mochida, 1975, A strain producing abundant brachypterous adults in Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Ent. Exp. Appl., 18, 465, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1975.tb00424.x

Morgan, 1984, Rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) indirect flight muscle development and spring emergence in response to temperature, Environ. Entomol., 13, 26, 10.1093/ee/13.1.26

Nasu, 1969, The Virus Diseases of the Rice Plant, 93

New, 1969, Aerial dispersal of some British Psocoptera as indicated by suction trap catches, Proc. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (A), 44, 49

Noda, 1960, The emergence of winged vivparous females in aphid. VI. Difference in the rate of development between the winged and unwinged forms, Jap. J. Ecol., 10, 97

Palmer, 1981, Scale of dispersal in varying environments and its implications for life histories of marine invertebrates, Oecologia, 48, 308, 10.1007/BF00346487

Peck, 1972, Leiodinae and Catopinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) from Jamaica and Puerto Rico, Psyche, 79, 49, 10.1155/1972/15989

Poisson, 1924, Contribution à l'étude des Hémiptères aquatiques, Bull. Biol., 58, 49

Poisson, 1946, L'apterisme chez les insectes, Rev. Sci. Paris, 84, 605

Rankin, 1978, Evolution of Insect Migration and Diapause, 5, 10.1007/978-1-4615-6941-1_1

Rankin, 1978, Significance of haemolymph juvenile hormone titer changes in timing of migration and reproduction, J. Insect. Physiol., 24, 31, 10.1016/0022-1910(78)90008-2

Ready, 1982, Flight muscle development in a hemimetabolous insect, J. Exp. Zool., 220, 49, 10.1002/jez.1402200107

Reddingius, 1970, Simulation experiments illustrating stabilization of animal numbers by spreading of risk, Oecologia, 5, 240, 10.1007/BF00344886

Roff, 1974a, Spatial heterogeneity and the persistence of populations, Oecologia, 15, 245, 10.1007/BF00345181

Roff, 1974b, The analysis of a population model demonstrating the importance of dispersal in a heterogeneous environment, Oecologia, 15, 259, 10.1007/BF00345182

Roff, 1975, Population stability and the evolution of dispersal in a heterogeneous environment, Oecologia, 19, 217, 10.1007/BF00345307

Roff, 1977, Dispersal in dipterans: Its costs and consequences, J. Anim. Ecol., 46, 443, 10.2307/3822

Roff, 1984, The cost of being able to fly: A study of wing polymorphism in two species of crickets, Oecologia, 63, 30, 10.1007/BF00379781

Roff, 1986a, The Evolution of Insect Life Cycles

Roff, 1986b, The genetic basis of wing dimorphism in the sand cricket, Gryllus firmus and its relevance to the evolution of wing dimorphisms in insects, Heredity, 10.1038/hdy.1986.112

Rose, 1972, Dispersal and quality in populations of Cicadulina spp. (Cicadellidae), J. Anim. Ecol., 41, 589, 10.2307/3197

Salt, 1952, Trimorphism in the Ichneumonid parasite Gelis corruptor, Quart. J. Microsc. Sci., 93, 453

Sato, 1977, Life history and diapause of the white-spotted tussock moth Orgyia thellina Butler (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), Jap. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool., 21, 6, 10.1303/jjaez.21.6

Slansky, 1980, Food consumption and reproduction as affected by tethered flight in female milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatus), Entomol. Exp. Appl., 28, 277, 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1980.tb03027.x

Sotavalta, 1961, On the sugar consumption of the drone fly (Eristalis tenax L.) in flight experiments, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. A4, 53, 1

Southwood, 1961, A hormonal theory of the mechanism of wing polymorphism in heteroptera, Proc. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (A), 36, 63

Southwood, 1962, Migration of terrestrial arthropods in relation to habitat, Biol. Rev., 37, 171, 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1962.tb01609.x

Steffan, 1973, Polymorphism in Plastosciara perniciosa, Science, 182, 1265, 10.1126/science.182.4118.1265

Steffan, 1975, Morphological and behavioural polymorphism in Plastosciara perniciosa (Diptera: Sciaridae), Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash., 77, 1

Stein, 1973, Zur Vererbung des Flugeldimorphismus bei Apion virens Herbst (Col., Curculionidae), Z. Ang. Ent., 74, 62, 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1973.tb01780.x

Stein, 1977, Die Beziehung swischen Biotop-Alter und Auftreten der Kurzflugeligkeit bei populationen dimorpher Rüsselkäfer-Arten (Col., Curculionidae), Z. Ang. Ent., 83, 37, 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1977.tb02372.x

Tanaka, 1976, Wing polymorphism, egg production and adult longevity in Pteronemobius taprobanensis Walker (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Kontyu, 44, 327

Tanaka, 1978, Photoperiodic determination of wing form in Pteronemobius nitidus. Bolivar (Orthoptera, Gryllidae), Kontyu, 46, 207

Taylor, 1978, A winged élite in a subcortical beetle as a model for a prototermite, Nature, 276, 73, 10.1038/276073a0

Taylor, 1981, The adaptive and evolutionary significance of wing polymorphism and parthenogenesis in Ptinella Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae), Ecol. Entomol., 6, 89, 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1981.tb00975.x

Tazima, 1964, The Genetics of the Silk Worm

Thoday, 1976, The number of segregating genes implied by continuous variation, Genetica, 46, 335, 10.1007/BF00055476

Tsai, 1964, Study on Delphacodes striatella Fallen (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in north China, Acta. Ent. Sinica, 13, 552

Utida, 1972, Density dependent polymorphism in the adult of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera, Bruchidae), J. Stored Prod. Res., 8, 111, 10.1016/0022-474X(72)90028-8

Vance, 1980, The effect of dispersal on population size in a temporally varying environment, Theoret. Popul. Biol., 18, 343, 10.1016/0040-5809(80)90058-1

Valen, 1971, Group selection and the evolution of dispersal, Evolution, 25, 591, 10.2307/2406942

Vepsäläinen, 1973, The distribution and habitats of Gerris Fabr. species (Heteroptera, Gerridae) in Finland, Ann. Zool. Fenn., 10, 419

Vepsäläinen, 1974a, The life cycles and wing lengths of Finnish Gerris Fabr. species (Heteroptera, Gerridae), Acta. Zool. Fenn., 141, 1

Vepsäläinen, 1974b, Determination of wing length and diapause in water striders (Gerris Fabr., Heteroptera), Hereditas, 77, 163, 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1974.tb00929.x

Vepsäläinen, 1978, Evolution of Insect Migration and Diapause, 218, 10.1007/978-1-4615-6941-1_10

Waloff, 1973, Dispersal by flight of leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha: Homoptera), J. Appl. Ecol., 10, 705, 10.2307/2401864

Watson, 1959, Studies on the transmission of European wheat striated mosaic virus by Delphacodes pellucida, Virology, 8, 139, 10.1016/0042-6822(59)90001-7

Weis-Fogh, 1952, Weight economy of flying insects, Transactions of the IXth International Congress of Entomology, 1, 341

Wigglesworth, 1961, Insect polymorphism--a tentative synthesis, Symp. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond., 1, 103

Williams, 1943, The utilization of glycogen by flies during flight and some aspects of the physiological ageing of Drosophila, Biol. Bull., 84, 263, 10.2307/1538009

Wratten, 1977, Reproductive strategy of winged and wingless morphs of the aphids Setobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum, Ann. Appl. Biol., 85, 319, 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1977.tb01918.x

Young, 1965, Flight muscle polymorphism in British Corixidae: Ecological observations, J. Anim. Ecol., 34, 353, 10.2307/2655

Yurkiewicz, 1965, Flight exhaustion studies on the blowfly Phoenicia sericata using 14C labelled sucrose, J. Insect Physiol., 14, 335, 10.1016/0022-1910(68)90075-9

Zera, 1984, Differences in survivorship, development rate and fertility between the long-winged and wingless morphs of the waterstrider, Limnoporus canaliculatus, Evolution, 38, 1023, 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00372.x

Zera, 1983, Genetic and environmental determinants of wing polymorphism in the waterstrider, Limnoporus canaliculatus, Evolution, 37, 513, 10.2307/2408264

Zimmerman, 1948, Insects of Hawaii, III