T cell clonal anergy

Jenkins, 1987, Antigen presentation by chemically modified splenocytes induces antigen-specific T cell unresponsiveness in vitro and in vivo, J Exp Med, 165, 302, 10.1084/jem.165.2.302 Quill, 1987, Stimulation of normal inducer T cell clones with antigen presented by purified Ia molecules in planar lipid membranes: specific induction of a long-lived state of proliferation nonresponsiveness, J Immunol, 138, 3704, 10.4049/jimmunol.138.11.3704 Jenkins, 1987, Molecular events in the induction of a nonresponsive state in interleukin-2-producing helper T-lymphocyte clones, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 84, 5409, 10.1073/pnas.84.15.5409 Beverly, 1992, Reversal of in vitro T cell clonal anergy by IL-2 stimulation, Int Immunol, 4, 661, 10.1093/intimm/4.6.661 Mueller, 1991, Clonal anergy blocks the response to IL-4, as well as the production of IL-2 in dual-producing helper T cell clones, J Immunol, 147, 4118, 10.4049/jimmunol.147.12.4118 Kang, 1992, Transactivation by AP-1 is a molecular target of T cell clonal anergy, Science, 257, 1134, 10.1126/science.257.5073.1134 Beverly, 1993, T cell anergy, 39 Quill, 1992, Anergic Th1 cells express altered levels of the protein tyrosine kinases p56lck and p59fyn, J Immunol, 149, 2887, 10.4049/jimmunol.149.9.2887 Cho, 1993, Altered protein tyrosine phosphorylation in anergic Th1 cells, J Immunol, 151, 20, 10.4049/jimmunol.151.1.20 Bhandoola, 1993, Reduced CD3-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in anergic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, J Immunol, 151, 2355, 10.4049/jimmunol.151.5.2355 Gajewski, 1994, Anergic T lymphocyte clones have altered inositol phosphate, calcium, and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 91, 38, 10.1073/pnas.91.1.38 Li, 1996, Blocked signal transduction to the ERK and JNK protein kinases in anergic CD4+ T cells, Science, 271, 1272, 10.1126/science.271.5253.1272 Mondino, 1996, Defective transcription of the IL-2 gene is associated with impaired expression of c-Fos, Fos B, and JunB in anergic T helper 1 cells, J Immunol, 157, 2048, 10.4049/jimmunol.157.5.2048 DeSilva, 1996, Anergic T cells are defective in both Jun NH2-terminal kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, J Exp Med, 183, 2017, 10.1084/jem.183.5.2017 Downward, 1990, Stimulation of p21ras upon T-cell activation, Nature, 346, 719, 10.1038/346719a0 Cuvillier, 1996, Suppression of ceramide-mediated programmed cell death by sphingosine-1-phosphate, Nature, 381, 800, 10.1038/381800a0 Fields, 1996, Blocked ras activation in anergic CD4+ T cells, Science, 271, 1276, 10.1126/science.271.5253.1276 Rapoport, 1993, Thymic T cell anergy in autoimmune nonobese diabetic mice is mediated by deficient T cell receptor regulation of the pathway of p21ras activation, J Exp Med, 177, 1221, 10.1084/jem.177.4.1221 Su, 1996, Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and regulation of gene expression, Curr Opin Immunol, 8, 402, 10.1016/S0952-7915(96)80131-2 Jain, 1992, Analysis of the AP-1 sites in the IL-2 promoter, J Immunol, 148, 1240, 10.4049/jimmunol.148.4.1240 Boise, 1993, The NFAT-1 DNA binding complex in activated T cells contains Fra-1 and JunB, Mol Cell Biol, 13, 1911, 10.1128/MCB.13.3.1911 Chiu, 1989, Jun-B differs in its biological properties from and is a negative regulator of c-Jun, Cell, 59, 979, 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90754-X Ryseck, 1991, c-Jun, Jun B, and Jun D differ in their binding affinities to AP-1 and CRE consensus sequences: effect of FOS proteins, Oncogene, 6, 533 Coffer, 1994, jun-B promoter regulation: ras mediated transactivation by c-ETS-1 and c-ETS-2, Oncogene, 9, 911 Binetruy, 1991, Ha-p21ras augments c-Jun activity and stimulates phosphorylation of its activation domain, Nature, 351, 122, 10.1038/351122a0 Franklin, 1992, Phorbol ester-induced amino-terminal phosphorylation of human JUN but not JUNB regulates transcriptional activation, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 7247, 10.1073/pnas.89.15.7247 Su, 1994, JNK is involved in signal integration during costimulation of T lymphocytes, Cell, 77, 727, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90056-6 Deng, 1994, c-Fos transcriptional activity stimulated by H-Ras-activated protein kinase distinct from JNK and ERK, Nature, 371, 171, 10.1038/371171a0 Kitagawa-Sakakida, 1996, Multifactor cis-dominant negative regulation of IL-2 gene expression in anergized T cells, J Immunol, 157, 2328, 10.4049/jimmunol.157.6.2328 Serfling, 1989, Ubiquitous and lymphocyte-specific factors are involved in the induction of the mouse interleukin 2 gene in T lymphocytes, EMBO J, 8, 465, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03399.x Garrity, 1994, IL-2 transcription is regulated in vivo at the level of coordinated binding of both constitutive and regulated factors, Mol Cell Biol, 14, 2159, 10.1128/MCB.14.3.2159 Brunwand, 1993, In vivo footprinting of the human IL-2 gene reveals a nuclear factor bound to the transcription start site in T cells, Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 4824, 10.1093/nar/21.20.4824 Williams, 1991, Identification of a zinc finger protein that inhibits IL-2 gene expression, Science, 254, 1791, 10.1126/science.1840704 Becker, 1995, Negative transcriptional regulation in anergic T cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92, 2375, 10.1073/pnas.92.6.2375 Genetta, 1994, Displacement of an E-box-binding repressor by helix-loop-helix proteins: implications for B-cell specificity of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer, Mol Cell Biol, 14, 6153, 10.1128/MCB.14.9.6153 Durand, 1988, Characterization of antigen receptor response elements within the interleukin 2 enhancer, Mol Cell Biol, 8, 1715, 10.1128/MCB.8.4.1715 Ullman, 1993, Jun family members are controlled by a calcium-regulated, cyclosporin A-sensitive signaling pathway in activated T lymphocytes, Genes Dev, 7, 188, 10.1101/gad.7.2.188 Jain, 1992, Nuclear factor of activated T cells contains Fos and Jun, Nature, 356, 801, 10.1038/356801a0 Rooney, 1995, Novel NFAT sites that mediate activation of the interleukin-2 promoter in response to T-cell receptor stimulation, Mol Cell Biol, 15, 6299, 10.1128/MCB.15.11.6299 Ghosh, 1993, The interleukin 2 CD28-responsive complex contains at least three members of the NFκB family: c-ReI, p50, and p65, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90, 1696, 10.1073/pnas.90.5.1696 Himes, 1996, High mobility group protein I (Y) is required for function and c-ReI binding to CD28 response elements within the GM-CSF and IL-2 promoters, Immunity, 5, 479, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80503-8 Chen, 1994, Interleukin 2 transcription factors as molecular targets of cAMP inhibition: delayed inhibition kinetics and combinatorial transcription roles, J Exp Med, 179, 931, 10.1084/jem.179.3.931 Briegel, 1991, One base pair change abolishes the T cell-restricted activity of a κB-like proto-enhancer element from the interleukin 2 promoter, Nucleic Acids Res, 19, 5929, 10.1093/nar/19.21.5929 Serfling, 1995, The architecture of the interleukin-2 promoter: a reflection of the T lymphocyte activation, Biochim Biophys Acta, 1263, 181, 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00112-T