Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - Tập 34 Số 3 - Trang 274-285 - 2011
Gregory C. Vernon1,2, Ancha Baranova1,3, Zobair M. Younossi1,2
1Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
2Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
3School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.

Tóm tắt

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34: 274–285

Summary

Background  Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease, and its worldwide prevalence continues to increase with the growing obesity epidemic. This study assesses the epidemiology of NAFLD in adults based on clinical literature published over the past 30 years.

Aim  To review epidemiology and natural history of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults based on clinical literature published over the past 30 years.

Methods  An in‐depth search of PubMed (1980–2010) was based on five search terms: ‘non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease’ OR ‘non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis’ OR ‘fatty liver’ OR ‘steatosis’ AND ‘incidence’ [MeSH Terms] OR ‘prevalence’ [MeSH Terms] OR ‘natural history’. Studies of paediatric cohorts were excluded. Articles were categorised by topic and summarised, noting generalisations concerning their content.

Results  Four study categories included NAFLD incidence, prevalence, risk factors and natural history. Studies related to NAFLD prevalence and incidence indicate that the diagnosis is heterogeneous and relies on a variety of assessment tools, including liver biopsy, radiological tests such as ultrasonography, and blood testing such as liver enzymes. The prevalence of NAFLD is highest in populations with pre‐existing metabolic conditions such as obesity and type II diabetes. Many studies investigating the natural history of NAFLD verify the progression from NASH to advanced fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusions  Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes. Within the NAFLD spectrum, only NASH progresses to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With the growing epidemic of obesity, the prevalence and impact of NAFLD continues to increase, making NASH potentially the most common cause of advanced liver disease in coming decades.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Ludwig J, 1980, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease, Mayo Clin Proc, 55, 434

10.1002/hep.20543

10.7326/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00009

10.7861/clinmedicine.7-2-119

10.1016/j.jhep.2007.02.007

10.1097/00007890-200006150-00034

Ground KE, 1982, Liver pathology in aircrew, Aviat Space Environ Med, 53, 14

10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31951-9

10.1002/hep.1840120505

10.3748/wjg.v16.i31.3944

10.1097/MEG.0b013e32832fcdf0

10.1002/hep.20734

10.1007/s00535-003-1178-8

10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31922-2

10.1002/hep.20466

10.1053/j.gastro.2010.09.038

10.1053/gast.2003.50004

10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00341.x

10.1023/A:1022809430756

10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07486.x

10.1002/hep.510270505

10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01197.x

Amarapurkar DN, 2004, Clinical spectrum and natural history of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis with normal alanine aminotransferase values, Trop Gastroenterol, 25, 130

10.1186/1471-230X-6-33

10.1186/1471-230X-10-98

10.1590/S1516-31802007000600006

10.1002/hep.23567

Li H, 2009, Prevalence and risk factors of fatty liver disease in Chengdu, Southwest China, Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 8, 377

Bajaj S, 2009, A case‐control study on insulin resistance, metabolic co‐variates & prediction score in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, Indian J Med Res, 129, 285

10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05831.x

10.1016/j.diabres.2008.11.039

10.3748/wjg.v13.i47.6419

10.1097/00004836-200609000-00016

10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01311.x

10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.04086.x

10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01582.x

10.1016/j.jhep.2005.02.042

Singh SP, 2004, Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in coastal eastern India: a preliminary ultrasonographic survey, Trop Gastroenterol, 25, 76

10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02846.x

10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04615.x

10.1016/j.jhep.2008.06.018

10.1016/j.hepres.2005.09.007

10.1053/j.gastro.2005.04.014

10.1155/2003/268528

10.1002/hep.23527

10.1007/s00535-008-2262-x

10.1111/j.1478-3231.2007.01614.x

10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03112.x

10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5826

10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03924.x

10.1002/hep.510290347

10.1097/00000441-200503000-00001

10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02334.x

10.1111/j.1478-3231.2004.0969.x

10.1159/000235677

10.1007/s11695-007-9355-0

10.3748/wjg.14.2867

10.1001/archinte.164.19.2169

10.1631/jzus.B0720016

10.1016/j.jhep.2004.07.010

10.1007/s10620-008-0234-x

10.1097/MEG.0b013e328011438b

10.1381/0960892053576820

10.1002/hep.20818

10.1038/oby.2009.4

10.1038/ajg.2008.57

10.1097/MCG.0b013e318054492a

10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00315-0

10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.050

10.1371/journal.pgen.1001324

10.1038/ng.257

10.1007/s00125-009-1285-z

10.1002/hep.24283

10.1007/s11033-010-0212-1

10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01718.x

Prashanth M, 2009, Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, J Assoc Physicians India, 57, 205

10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04579.x

10.1016/j.cgh.2006.10.010

10.1016/j.jhep.2007.04.012

10.3109/00365521.2010.539251

10.1381/0960892055002347

10.1002/hep.20323

10.1016/j.jhep.2006.06.013

10.1159/000087295

10.1001/archsurg.138.11.1240

10.7326/0003-4819-132-2-200001180-00004

10.1016/j.soard.2008.12.008

10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.01041.x

10.1381/096089206775565122

10.1381/096089203765887633

10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07640.x

Liu CJ, 2005, Influence of metabolic syndrome, viral genotype and antiviral therapy on superimposed fatty liver disease in chronic hepatitis C, Antivir Ther, 10, 405, 10.1177/135965350501000302

10.1038/ajh.2009.206

10.1002/mus.21484

10.1097/QAI.0b013e318198a88a

10.1086/589294

10.1002/hep.1840220616

Pais R, 2011, Progression from isolated steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Gastroenterol Clin Biol, 35, 23

10.1136/gut.2009.205088

10.1093/ajcp/104.1.23

10.1381/0960892054222830

10.1002/hep.1840400411

10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07659.x

10.2337/dc09-0148

10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70506-8

10.1016/j.cgh.2008.11.005

10.1002/hep.21327

10.1002/hep.23314

10.1016/j.jhep.2004.02.013

10.1053/jhep.2000.17894

10.1053/gast.2002.34168

10.3748/wjg.14.4771

Duseja A, 2004, Prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia in patients with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, Trop Gastroenterol, 25, 15

10.1016/S1262-3636(08)74597-X

Smedile A, 2005, Steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma risk, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 9, 291

10.3748/wjg.v16.i12.1436

10.1016/j.cld.2007.02.002

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Tập 34 Số 3

274-285

Thông tin tác giả