Synthesis of air-stable mixed bis-carboxylate titanocene complexes and their catalytic behaviors in cross-aldol and Mannich reactions

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 41 - Trang 731-738 - 2016
Jing Wang1, Xi Chen1, Xiu Wang1, Wei-Qiang Zhang1, Hua-Ming Sun1, Guo-Fang Zhang1, Ya Wu1, Zi-Wei Gao1
1Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China

Tóm tắt

Tunable organometallic Lewis acid catalysts were developed by combining salicylic acid (H2-Sal) with benzoic acid (H-Ben), 4-fluorobenzoic acid (H-BenF) and 3-thiophenic acid (H-Th), as coligands for mixed bis-carboxylate titanocene complexes. Three air-stable complexes [Cp2Ti(η1-HSal)(η1-Ben)] (1), [Cp2Ti(η1-HSal)(η1-BenF)] (2) and [Cp2Ti[η1-HSal][(η1-Th)] (3) were prepared in high yields by the reaction of salicylato titanocene chelate with carboxylate ligands. The mixed bis-carboxylate titanocene complexes were fully characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed Ti–O(H-Sal) bond distances in 1, 2 and 3 of 1.972(3), 1.9245(18) and 1.912(5) Å, respectively, while the bond distances involving the coligands of 1, 2 and 3 are 1.908(3) Å (Ti–OBen), 1.9296(19) Å (Ti–OBenF) and 1.945(5) Å (Ti–OTh), respectively. These bis-carboxylate titanocene complexes showed satisfactory activities and selectivities in Mannich and cross-aldol reactions. Notably, complex 3 bearing the labile thiophene carboxylate ligand gave high yields with a diastereomer ratio (d.r.) as high as 1:99 for the direct Mannich reactions of benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone and aniline. In cross-aldol reaction of benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone, 1 and 2 successfully catalyzed the formation of double-aldol products in up to 99 % yield.

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