Symptom modelling can be influenced by psychiatric categories: choices for research domain criteria (RDoC)
Tóm tắt
Psychiatric researchers typically assume that the modelling of psychiatric symptoms is not influenced by psychiatric categories; symptoms are modelled and then grouped into a psychiatric category. I highlight this primarily through analysing research domain criteria (RDoC). RDoC’s importance makes it worth scrutinizing, and this assessment also serves as a case study with relevance for other areas of psychiatry. RDoC takes inadequacies of existing psychiatric categories as holding back causal investigation. Consequently, RDoC aims to circumnavigate existing psychiatric categories by directly investigating the causal basis of symptoms. The unique methodological approach of RDoC exploits the supposed lack of influence of psychiatric categories on symptom modelling, taking psychiatric symptoms as the same regardless of which psychiatric category is employed or if no psychiatric category is employed. But this supposition is not always true. I will show how psychiatric categories can influence symptom modelling, whereby identical behaviours can be considered as different symptoms based on an individual’s psychiatric diagnosis. If the modelling of symptoms is influenced by psychiatric categories, then psychiatric categories will still play a role, a situation which RDoC researchers explicitly aim to avoid. I discuss four ways RDoC could address this issue. This issue also has important implications for factor analysis, cluster analysis, modifying psychiatric categories, and symptom based approaches.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Cuthbert, Bruce N. 2014. The RDoC framework: Facilitating transition from ICD/DSM to dimensional approaches that integrate neuroscience and psychopathology. World Psychiatry 13: 28–35.
Cuthbert, Bruce N. 2015. Research domain criteria: Toward future psychiatric nosologies. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 17: 89–97.
Kozak, Michael J., and Bruce N. Cuthbert. 2016. The NIMH research domain criteria initiative: Background, issues, and pragmatics. Psychophysiology 53: 286–297.
Casey, B.J., Nick Craddoc, Bruce N. Cuthbert, Steven E. Hyman, Francis S. Lee, and Kerry J. Ressler. 2013. DSM-5 and RDoC: Progress in psychiatry research? Nature Reviews Neuroscience 14: 810–814.
Cuthbert, Bruce N. 2014. Research domain criteria: Toward future psychiatric nosology. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 7: 4–5.
Cuthbert, Bruce N., and Thomas R. Insel. 2009. Endophenotypes: Bridging genomic complexity and disorder heterogeneity. Biological Psychiatry 66: 988–989.
Jablensky, Assen. 1999. The nature of psychiatric classification: Issues beyond ICD-10 and DSM IV. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33: 137–144.
Poland, Jeffrey. 2014. Deeply rooted sources of error and bias in psychiatric classifications. In Classifying psychopathology, ed. Harold Kincaid and Jacqueline Sullivan, 145–174. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Sullivan, J. 2014. Stabilizing mental disorders: Prospects and problems. In Classifying psychopathology, ed. Harold Kincaid and Jacqueline Sullivan, 257–281. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cuthbert, Bruce N., and Micheal J. Kozak. 2013. Constructing constructs for psychopathology: The NIMH research domain criteria. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 122 (3): 928–937.
Cuthbert, Bruce N., and Thomas R. Insel. 2010. Towards new approaches to psychotic disorders: The NIMH research domain criteria project. Schizophrenia Bulletin 36 (6): 1061–1062.
Devlin, Bernie, and Stephan W. Schere. 2012. Genetic architecture in autism spectrum disorder. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 22: 229–237.
Kendell, Robert, and Assen Jablensky. 2003. Distinguishing between the validity and utility of a psychiatric diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 160: 4–12.
Zachar, Peter, and Assen Jablensky. 2014. Introduction: The concept of validation in psychology and psychiatry. In Alternative perspectives on psychiatric classification, DSM, ICD, RDoC, and beyond, ed. Peter Zachar, Drozdstoj Stoyanov, Massimilano Aragona, and Assen Jablensky, 3–24. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sanislow, Charles A., Daniel S. Pine, Kevin J. Quinn, et al. 2010. Developing constructs for psychopathology research: Research domain criteria. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 199 (4): 631–639.
Cuthbert, Bruce N., and Thomas R. Insel. 2013. Towards the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Medicine 11: 126.
Simmons, Jainie M., and Kevin J. Quinn. 2014. The NIMH research domain criteria (RDoC) project: Implications for genetic research. Mammalian Genome 25: 23–31.
National Institute of Mental Health. n.d. NIMH RDoC Publications. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/nimh-rdoc-publications.shtml. Accessed May 2, 2015.
Cuthbert, Bruce N., and Thomas R. Insel. 2013. Toward precision medicine in psychiatry: The NIMH research domain criteria project. In Neurobiology of mental illness, 4th ed., ed. Dennis S. Charney, Pamela Sklar, Joseph D. Buxbaum, and Eric J. Nestler, 1076–1088. New York: Oxford University Press.
Murphy, Dominic. 2006. Psychiatry in the scientific image. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
APA. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Rachman, Stanley. 2013. Anxiety. 3rd ed. Hove: Psychology Press.
Freeston, Mark H., Josee Rheaume, Helene Letarte, Micheal J. Dugas, and Robert Ladouceur. 1994. Why do people worry? Personality and Individual Differences 17 (6): 791–802.
Rosen, Natalie O., Elena Ivanova, and Barbel Knäuper. 2014. Differentiating intolerance of uncertainty from three related but distinct constructs. Anxiety Stress and Coping 27 (1): 55–73.
Bredemeier, Keith, and Howard Berenbaum. 2008. Intolerance of uncertainty and perceived threat. Behaviour Research and Therapy 46: 28–38.
Birrell, Jane, Kevin Meares, Andrew Wilkinson, and Mark Freeston. 2011. Towards a definition of intolerance of uncertainty: A review of factor analytical studies of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Clinical Psychology Review 31: 1198–1208.
Lorr, Maurice. 1966. Explorations in typing psychotics. New York: Pergamon Press.
Keshavan, Matcheri S., Henry A. Nasrallah, and Rajiv Tandon. 2011. Moving ahead with the schizophrenia concept: From the elephant to the mouse. Schizophrenia Research 127 (1–3): 3–13.
Boyle, Mary. 1990. Schizophrenia: A scientific delusion? London: Routledge.