Symbiotic gut commensal bacteria act as host cathepsin S activity regulators

Driessen, 1999, Cathepsin S controls the trafficking and maturation of MHC class II molecules in dendritic cells, J. Cell Biol., 147, 775, 10.1083/jcb.147.4.775 Beers, 2005, Cathepsin S controls MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation by epithelial cells in vivo, J. Immunol., 174, 1205, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1205 Sage, 2013, Binding of chondroitin 4-sulfate to cathepsin S regulates its enzymatic activity, Biochemistry, 52, 6487, 10.1021/bi400925g Hsing, 2005, The lysosomal cysteine proteases in MHC class II antigen presentation, Immunol. Rev., 207, 229, 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00310.x Conus, 2010, Cathepsins and their involvement in immune responses, Swiss Med. Wkly., 140, w13042 Lalmanach, 2015, Cysteine cathepsins and cystatins: from ancillary tasks to prominent status in lung diseases, Biol. Chem., 396, 111, 10.1515/hsz-2014-0210 Cox, 2012, Determination of cathepsin S abundance and activity in human plasma and implications for clinical investigation, Anal. Biochem., 430, 130, 10.1016/j.ab.2012.08.011 Haves-Zburof, 2011, Cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors cystatins: expression and modulation in multiple sclerosis, J. Cell Mol. Med., 15, 2421, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01229.x Staun-Ram, 2011, Cathepsins (S and B) and their inhibitor Cystatin C in immune cells: modulation by interferon-beta and role played in cell migration, J. Neuroimmunol., 232, 200, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.10.015 Magister, 2012, Regulation of cathepsins S and L by cystatin F during maturation of dendritic cells, Eur. J. Cell Biol., 91, 391, 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.01.001 Vogel, 2011, A comprehensive transcriptome and immune-gene repertoire of the lepidopteran model host Galleria mellonella, BMC genomics, 12, 308, 10.1186/1471-2164-12-308 Alghoribi, 2014, Galleria mellonella infection model demonstrates high lethality of ST69 and ST127 uropathogenic E. coli, PLoS One, 9, e101547, 10.1371/journal.pone.0101547 Hsing, 2010, Roles for cathepsins S, L, and B in insulitis and diabetes in the NOD mouse, J. Autoimmun., 34, 96, 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.07.003 Li, 2010, Increased expression of cathepsins and obesity-induced proinflammatory cytokines in lacrimal glands of male NOD mouse, Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 51, 5019, 10.1167/iovs.09-4523 Hamm-Alvarez, 2014, Tear cathepsin S as a candidate biomarker for Sjogren's syndrome, Arthritis Rheumatol., 66, 1872, 10.1002/art.38633 Giannouli, 2014, Use of larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella as an in vivo model to study the virulence of helicobacter pylori, BMC Microbiol., 14, 228, 10.1186/s12866-014-0228-0 Samokhin, 2010, Pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin S decreases atherosclerotic lesions in Apoe-/- mice, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 56, 98, 10.1097/FJC.0b013e3181e23e10 Figueiredo, 2015, Selective cathepsin S inhibition attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice with chronic renal disease, Am. J. Pathol., 185, 1156, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.026 Cattaruzza, 2011, Cathepsin S is activated during colitis and causes visceral hyperalgesia by a PAR2-dependent mechanism in mice, Gastroenterology, 141, 1864, 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.035 Gupta, 2008, Cysteine cathepsin S as an immunomodulatory target: present and future trends, Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 12, 291, 10.1517/14728222.12.3.291 McLean, 2015, Does the microbiota play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases?, Gut, 64, 332, 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308514 Frick, 2006, Colitogenic and non-colitogenic commensal bacteria differentially trigger DC maturation and Th cell polarization: an important role for IL-6, Eur. J. Immunol., 36, 1537, 10.1002/eji.200635840 Waidmann, 2003, Bacteroides vulgatus protects against Escherichia coli-induced colitis in gnotobiotic interleukin-2-deficient mice, Gastroenterology, 125, 162, 10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00672-3 Muller, 2008, Intestinal colonization of IL-2 deficient mice with non-colitogenic B. vulgatus prevents DC maturation and T-cell polarization, PLoS One, 3, e2376, 10.1371/journal.pone.0002376 Gronbach, 2014, Endotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide as a determinant of T-cell-mediated colitis induction in mice, Gastroenterology, 146, 765, 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.033 Lutzner, 2008, Quantifying cathepsin S activity in antigen presenting cells using a novel specific substrate, J. Biol. Chem., 283, 36185, 10.1074/jbc.M806500200 Steimle, 2016, A novel approach for reliable detection of cathepsin S activities in mouse antigen presenting cells, J. Immunol. methods, 432, 87, 10.1016/j.jim.2016.02.015 Lutz, 1999, An advanced culture method for generating large quantities of highly pure dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow, J. Immunol. methods, 223, 77, 10.1016/S0022-1759(98)00204-X Jeon, 2012, Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve induces IL-10-producing Tr1 cells in the colon, PLoS Pathog., 8, e1002714, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002714 Rakoff-Nahoum, 2004, Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis, Cell, 118, 229, 10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002 Chow, 2010, A pathobiont of the microbiota balances host colonization and intestinal inflammation, Cell host microbe, 7, 265, 10.1016/j.chom.2010.03.004 Kostic, 2014, The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead, Gastroenterology, 146, 1489, 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.009 Harding, 2012, Legionella pneumophila pathogenesis in the Galleria mellonella infection model, Infect. Immun., 80, 2780, 10.1128/IAI.00510-12 Xu, 2014, Developmental regulation of synthesis and dimerization of the amyloidogenic protease inhibitor cystatin C in the hematopoietic system, J. Biol. Chem., 289, 9730, 10.1074/jbc.M113.538041 Bender, 2013, LPS structure and PhoQ activity are important for Salmonella Typhimurium virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model [corrected], PLoS One, 8, e73287, 10.1371/journal.pone.0073287 Qian, 1991, The expression of cathepsin B and other lysosomal proteinases in normal tissues and in tumors, Biomed. Biochim. Acta, 50, 531 Turk, 2000, Lysosomal cysteine proteases: more than scavengers, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1477, 98, 10.1016/S0167-4838(99)00263-0 Clark, 2012, Microglial signalling mechanisms: cathepsin S and fractalkine, Exp. Neurol., 234, 283, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.09.012 Beck, 2001, Cathepsin S and an asparagine-specific endoprotease dominate the proteolytic processing of human myelin basic protein in vitro, Eur. J. Immunol., 31, 3726, 10.1002/1521-4141(200112)31:12<3726::AID-IMMU3726>3.0.CO;2-O Lohoefer, 2012, Histopathological analysis of cellular localization of cathepsins in abdominal aortic aneurysm wall, Int. J. Exp. Pathol., 93, 252, 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00819.x Simpson, 2007, Toward cell therapy for vascular calcification: osteoclast-mediated demineralization of calcified elastin. Cardiovascular pathology, Off. J. Soc. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 16, 29, 10.1016/j.carpath.2006.07.001 Faure-Andre, 2008, Regulation of dendritic cell migration by CD74, the MHC class II-associated invariant chain, Science, 322, 1705, 10.1126/science.1159894 Wilkinson, 2015, CCL2 is transcriptionally controlled by the lysosomal protease cathepsin S in a CD74-dependent manner, Oncotarget, 6, 29725, 10.18632/oncotarget.5065 Chan, 2010, A role for STAT3 and cathepsin S in IL-10 down-regulation of IFN-gamma-induced MHC class II molecule on primary human blood macrophages, J. Leukoc. Biol., 88, 303, 10.1189/jlb.1009659 Rybicka, 2012, Phagosomal proteolysis in dendritic cells is modulated by NADPH oxidase in a pH-independent manner, EMBO J., 31, 932, 10.1038/emboj.2011.440 Allan, 2014, NADPH oxidase modifies patterns of MHC class II-restricted epitopic repertoires through redox control of antigen processing, J. Immunol., 192, 4989, 10.4049/jimmunol.1302896 Xu, 2011, IL-10 controls cystatin C synthesis and blood concentration in response to inflammation through regulation of IFN regulatory factor 8 expression, J. Immunol., 186, 3666, 10.4049/jimmunol.1001934 Xu, 2015, Cystatin C is a disease-associated protein subject to multiple regulation, Immunol. Cell Biol., 93, 442, 10.1038/icb.2014.121 Janowski, 2001, Human cystatin C, an amyloidogenic protein, dimerizes through three-dimensional domain swapping, Nat. Struct. Biol., 8, 316, 10.1038/86188 Jiang, 1986, [A method for registration of stomach movement of rabbits in chronic experiments]. Sheng li xue bao, Acta physiol. Sin., 38, 102 El-Sukkari, 2003, The protease inhibitor cystatin C is differentially expressed among dendritic cell populations, but does not control antigen presentation, J. Immunol., 171, 5003, 10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5003 Fissolo, 2008, Dual inhibition of proteasomal and lysosomal proteolysis ameliorates autoimmune central nervous system inflammation, Eur. J. Immunol., 38, 2401, 10.1002/eji.200838413